Escape Capital

This research is intended to see how the access to pharmacy and drug delineates the substance abuse and the delinquent behavior (DB) among consumers relating to middle age group in Thailand. There are mainly two objectives of this research. The first is tosee the inverse effect of access to drug and pharmacy on substance abuse and (DB), the other objective is to see the mediating role of life satisfaction (LS) relating to the previous relationships of variables. The data is collected through the people of Thailand through structured questionnaires and purposive sampling to select only middle age people. The data analysis is run through SPSS and AMOS. The results considered the descriptive of the analysis, path analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis CFA to test the effects of variables through responses.The results showed that there had been a significant negative effect of access to drugs &pharmacy on substance abuse and (DB), and there had been a significant mediating effect of LS through access to drugs on substance abuse and delinquent behavior (DB). This research gives the direction to people as how the access to their medication can help them be satisfied. This research also gives implications for pharmacists as their access to health sector can be protective for other people. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Jermsittiparsert K, Saengchai S, Pattanapongthorn J. of People Access to Public Drugs on Substance Abuse and Delinquency Behavior in Thailand: Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction. SRP. 2019; 10(2): 34-43. doi:10.5530/srp.2019.2.07 Web Style Jermsittiparsert K, Saengchai S, Pattanapongthorn J. of People Access to Public Drugs on Substance Abuse and Delinquency Behavior in Thailand: Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=302644921 [Access: March 31, 2021]. doi:10.5530/srp.2019.2.07 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Jermsittiparsert K, Saengchai S, Pattanapongthorn J. of People Access to Public Drugs on Substance Abuse and Delinquency Behavior in Thailand: Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction. SRP. 2019; 10(2): 34-43. doi:10.5530/srp.2019.2.07 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Jermsittiparsert K, Saengchai S, Pattanapongthorn J. of People Access to Public Drugs on Substance Abuse and Delinquency Behavior in Thailand: Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction. SRP. (2019), [cited March 31, 2021]; 10(2): 34-43. doi:10.5530/srp.2019.2.07 Harvard Style Jermsittiparsert, K., Saengchai, . S. & Pattanapongthorn, . J. (2019) of People Access to Public Drugs on Substance Abuse and Delinquency Behavior in Thailand: Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction. SRP, 10 (2), 34-43. doi:10.5530/srp.2019.2.07 Turabian Style Jermsittiparsert, Kittisak, Sakapas Saengchai, and Jintana Pattanapongthorn. 2019. of People Access to Public Drugs on Substance Abuse and Delinquency Behavior in Thailand: Mediating Role of Life Reviews in Pharmacy, 10 (2), 34-43. doi:10.5530/srp.2019.2.07 Chicago Style Jermsittiparsert, Kittisak, Sakapas Saengchai, and Jintana Pattanapongthorn. Impact of People Access to Public Drugs on Substance Abuse and Delinquency Behavior in Thailand: Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 10 (2019), 34-43. doi:10.5530/srp.2019.2.07 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Jermsittiparsert, Kittisak, Sakapas Saengchai, and Jintana Pattanapongthorn. Impact of People Access to Public Drugs on Substance Abuse and Delinquency Behavior in Thailand: Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 10.2 (2019), 34-43. Print. doi:10.5530/srp.2019.2.07 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Jermsittiparsert, K., Saengchai, . S. & Pattanapongthorn, . J. (2019) of People Access to Public Drugs on Substance Abuse and Delinquency Behavior in Thailand: Mediating Role of Life Reviews in Pharmacy, 10 (2), 34-43. doi:10.5530/srp.2019.2.07

Disparities in Adequate Mental Health Care for Past-Year Major Depressive Episodes Among Caucasian and Hispanic Youths

Following efforts made in recent years to provide effective mental health treatments based on evidence-based guidelines, a working definition was developed in the literature detailing a minimum level of "adequate mental health care" for serious mental illness. However, little is known about racial or ethnic disparities in receipt of adequate mental health care for individuals affected with serious mental illness. The objective of this study was to examine disparities among Caucasian and Hispanic youths in receipt of adequate mental health care for past-year major depressive episodes. Data for this study were drawn from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The study sample was composed of 1,169 Caucasian youths and 316 Hispanic youths aged 12 to 17 with past-year major depressive episodes. The percentages of youths in the sample who received adequate mental health care for past-year major depressive episodes were estimated, and the correlates of receipt of adequate mental health care were examined. Thirty-four percent of the full sample received adequate mental health care for past-year major depressive episodes, but separate analyses indicated that adequate mental health care was received by a significantly higher proportion of Caucasian youths (36%) than Hispanic youths (27%). The odds of receiving adequate mental health care for past-year major depressive episodes for Caucasians were 1.55 times that of Hispanics (p=.01). Having Medicaid or coverage via the State Children's Health Insurance Program significantly increased the odds of receiving adequate mental care for past-year major depressive episodes for both Hispanics and Caucasians. As mental health problems of adolescents from diverse racial or ethnic backgrounds become more easily identified and a larger proportion of these groups is referred to mental health treatment services, it is important to examine the degree to which treatment should be tailored to engage and retain specific racial or ethnic groups so that they will receive the minimum of adequate mental health care.

Medical Clinic Characteristics and Access to Behavioral Health Services for Persons With HIV

Employer-sponsored health plans typically provide less coverage for mental health and substance abuse treatment than for medical or surgical treatment. The merits and costs of mandating parity, or equivalent coverage, for insurance benefits for mental health and substance abuse treatment have been a recent topic of significant public debate. This article presents cost estimates for a variety of comprehensive parity mandates, including parity for different diagnoses, benefit provisions, and types of health insurance delivery systems.

The prevention and reduction of violent and nonviolent delinquent behavior is a public health priority. In recent years, attention has turned to ethnic disparities in delinquent behavior in efforts to target programs to youth at greatest risk. This study uses longitudinal data from a national evaluation of a federally funded children’s mental health systems-of-care program to examine self-reported delinquent and violent behavior among Caucasian and Hispanic youth who entered mental health services between 1997 and 2006. The results from hierarchical logistic regressions indicate that delinquent, but not violent behavior, decreased over time. There were no significant ethnic differences between these youth in either delinquent or violent behavior. Sociodemographic, clinical, and school characteristics were associated with delinquency and offer suggestions on where to intervene. Given that mental health problems and delinquent behavior frequently co-occur, juvenile justice and mental health agencies would benefit from close partnerships to help youth address these problems.

In 2004, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Board of Directors formed the Task Force on Mental Health and charged it with developing strategies to improve the quality of child and adolescent mental health* services in primary care. The task force acknowledged early in its deliberations that enhancing the mental health care that pediatricians and other primary care clinicians† provide to children and adolescents will require systemic interventions at the national, state, and community levels to improve the financing of mental health care and access to mental health specialty resources. Systemic strategies toward achieving these improvements are the subject of other publications of the task force: “ Strategies for System Change in Children's Mental Health: A Chapter Action Kit ” (chapter action kit),1 “Improving Mental Health Services in Primary Care: Reducing Administrative and Financial Barriers to Access and Collaboration,”2 and “Enhancing Pediatric Mental Health Care: Strategies for Preparing a Community.”3 The task force also recognized that enhanced mental health practice will require competencies not currently achieved by many primary care clinicians; in the policy statement “The Future of Pediatrics: Mental Health Competencies for Pediatric Primary Care,”4 the task force collaborated with the AAP Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health to outline these competencies and propose strategies for achieving them. This report offers strategies for preparing the primary care practice itself for provision of enhanced mental health care services. The task force proposes incrementally applying chronic care principles to the care of children with mental health and substance abuse problems as primary care clinicians apply them to the care of children with chronic medical conditions such as asthma. Most primary care clinicians will find that significant gaps exist between their current practice and the proposed ideal. The task force offers guidance in … Address correspondence to Jane Meschan Foy, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157. E-mail: jmfoy{at}wfubmc.edu

Opportunities in mental health services research.

Nurses suffering in silence: Addressing the stigma of mental health in nursing and healthcare.

Purpose: This study aimed at investigating the relationship between substance abuse and delinquent behaviour among secondary school students in Dutsin-Ma LGA, Katsina State. Methodology: Three hundred and eighty-one (381) students were send as sample from three public schools in Dutsin-ma Local Government Area Katsina State. The data collected was analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) and t-test Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data collected. Substance Abuse Questionnaire (SAQ) and Delinquent Behaviour Questionnaire were Constructed and used in the data collection. The instruments was validated by educational experts while the Substance Abuse Questionnaire (SAQ) have reliability index of 0.81 and Delinquent Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) have reliability index of 0.76 respectively. Results: The findings on substance abuse and delinquent behaviour revealed that r-value is 0.596 and P-value (0.000 <0.5). Therefore, indicated that there was moderate positive relationship between substance abuse and delinquent behaviour among Secondary School Students. On substance abuse, delinquent behaviour and gender, the result showed that p-value of 0.044 is less than 0.05 level of significance at 380 degrees of freedom indicating that there is a significant relationship between substance abuse and delinquent behaviour on the gender basis. On class level, the result revealed that p-value of 0.008 is less than 0.05 level of significance indicating that there is a significant relationship between substance abuse and delinquent behaviour. Conclusion: The researchers therefore recommended that parents, school, society and government should joint hand in the supervision, monitoring, and guiding students both at home, school and on the streets as well as checkmating their associates and whereabouts.

Risk factors for involvement in delinquency among immigrants and native-born Israeli girls

The Health Care for Reentry Veterans (HCRV) program provides Veterans Health Administration outreach services to veterans incarcerated in state and federal prisons. This study used HCRV data to compare risk of incarceration of veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF), Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and New Dawn (OND) and other veterans and to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of incarcerated veterans of OEF/OIF/OND. Administrative national data were analyzed for 30,968 incarcerated veterans, including 1,201 OEF/OIF/OND veterans, contacted from October 2007 to April 2011. Odds ratios were calculated comparing the risk of incarceration among OEF/OIF/OND and other veterans in the HCRV sample and in a weighted sample of nonincarcerated veterans from the 2010 National Survey of Veterans. Stepwise logistic regressions of HCRV data examined characteristics of incarcerated veterans independently associated with OEF/OIF/OND service. Regardless of ethnicity or age, OEF/OIF/OND veterans were less than half as likely as other veterans to be incarcerated and constituted only 3.9% of the incarcerated veterans. Compared with other incarcerated veterans, OEF/OIF/OND veterans were younger, were more likely to be married, were more likely to report combat exposure, expected a shorter incarceration, were 26% less likely to have a diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence, and were three times more likely to have combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OEF/OIF/OND veterans appeared to be at lower risk of incarceration than veterans of other service eras, but those who were incarcerated had higher rates of PTSD. Efforts to link these veterans to mental health services upon their release are warranted.

This editorial comments on the article by Miller et al.

Moderate to heavy levels of prenatal alcohol exposure have been associated with alterations in child behavior, but limited data are available on adverse effects after low levels of exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response effect of prenatal alcohol exposure for adverse child behavior outcomes at 6 to 7 years of age. Beginning in 1986, women attending the urban university-based maternity clinic were routinely screened at their first prenatal visit for alcohol and drug use by trained research assistants from the Fetal Alcohol Research Center. All women reporting alcohol consumption at conception of at least 0.5 oz absolute alcohol/day and a 5% random sample of lower level drinkers and abstainers were invited to participate to be able to identify the associations between alcohol intake and child development. Maternal alcohol, cigarette, and illicit drug use were prospectively assessed during pregnancy and postnatally. The independent variable in this study, prenatal alcohol exposure, was computed as the average absolute alcohol intake (oz) per day across pregnancy. At each prenatal visit, mothers were interviewed about alcohol use during the previous 2 weeks. Quantities and types of alcohol consumed were converted to fluid ounces of absolute alcohol and averaged across visits to generate a summary measure of alcohol exposure throughout pregnancy. Alcohol was initially used as a dichotomous variable comparing children with no prenatal alcohol exposure to children with any exposure. To evaluate the effects of different levels of exposure, the average absolute alcohol intake was relatively arbitrarily categorized into no, low (>0 but <0.3 fl oz of absolute alcohol/day), and moderate/heavy (>/=0.3 fl oz of absolute alcohol/day) for the purpose of this study. Six years later, 665 families were contacted. Ninety-four percent agreed to testing. Exclusions included children who missed multiple test appointments, had major congenital malformations (other than fetal alcohol syndrome), possessed an IQ >2 standard deviations from the sample mean, or had incomplete data. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess child behavior. The CBCL is a parent questionnaire applicable to children ages 4 to 16 years. It is widely used in the clinical assessment of children's behavior problems and has been extensively used in research. Eight syndrome scales are further grouped into Externalizing or undercontrolled (Aggressive and Delinquent) behavior and Internalizing or overcontrolled (Anxious/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, and Withdrawn) behaviors. Three syndromes (Social, Thought, and Attention Problems) fit neither group. Higher scores are associated with more problem behaviors. Research assistants who were trained and blinded to exposure status independently interviewed the child and caretaker. Data were collected on a broad range of control variables known to influence childhood behavior and/or to be associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. These included perinatal factors of maternal age, education, cigarette, cocaine, and other substances of abuse and the gestational age of the baby. Postnatal factors studied included maternal psychopathology, continuing alcohol and drug use, family structure, socioeconomic status, children's whole blood lead level, and exposure to violence. Data were collected only from black women as there was inadequate representation of other racial groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package. Frequency distribution, cross-tabulation, odds ratio, and chi(2) tests were used for analyzing categorical data. Continuous data were analyzed using t tests, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with posthoc tests, and regression analysis. Testing was available for 501 parent-children dyads. Almost one fourth of the women denied alcohol use during pregnancy. Low levels of alcohol use were reported in 63.8% and moderate/heavy use in 13% of pregnancies. Increasing prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with lower birth weight and gestational age, higher lead levels, higher maternal age, and lower education level, prenatal exposure to cocaine and smoking, custody changes, lower socioeconomic status, and paternal drinking and drug use at the time of pregnancy. Children with any prenatal alcohol exposure were more likely to have higher CBCL scores on Externalizing (Aggressive and Delinquent) and Internalizing (Anxious/Depressed and Withdrawn) syndrome scales and the Total Problem Score. The odds ratio of scoring in the clinical range for Delinquent behavior was 3.2 (1.3-7.6) in children with any prenatal exposure to alcohol compared with nonexposed controls. The threshold dose was evaluated with the 3 prenatal alcohol exposure groups. One-way ANOVA revealed a significant between group difference for Externalizing (Aggressive and Delinquent) and the Total Problem Score. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

Promoting the use of green space is a fundamental way to improve physical and mental health and to enhance the quality of life of urban residents. In response to increasing demand for green space in cities, the impact of perception of green space for health promotion on willingness to use parks and actual use among young urban residents was investigated in this study. A total of 1135 young residents (ages 18–35) in three cities in China were surveyed by online questionnaire. A group of multiple regression models was constructed to investigate the influencing perception factors of participants’ willingness to use parks and actual use. The results revealed that the young residents’ perception of green space components for health promotion (green space access, types, sizes, plants, water, sensory features, microclimate environments and amenity facilities) had a greater effect on their willingness to use parks and to promote health, while it was less influential with respect to their actual park use behavior (frequency and duration). Among these variables, green space access is a critical concern for willingness to use toward parks. The disparities of perception of green space for health promotion effect on willingness to use a park and actual use provide a better understanding of the psychological factors affecting park use among young residents. The findings also provided some implications for public health policymakers, urban planners and landscape architects in designing parks to encourage visitation by young people.