Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence and load of ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae fecal carriage in healthy dogs. Fecal samples were collected from dogs submitted to surgical procedures (n = 25). Fecal samples were collected before surgery (BS) and after surgery (AS). β-lactamases were detected by PCR. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS software (v.9.4); a p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteria species detected in this study were E. coli, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae. TEM, and CTX-M-1 group genes were the most frequent β-lactamases detected. The number of dogs colonized with 3GC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria was significantly higher in the AS (63.6%, n = 14/22) group compared to in the BS group (20.0%, n = 5/25, p = 0.0033). The ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria fecal load was significantly higher in the AS group compared to in the BS (p = 0.025) group. This study shows that 3GC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and ESBLs/AmpC producers in the veterinary clinical practice are a concern and highlights the need to implement preventive measures to minimize their spread.
Highlights
The European Medicine Agency has reviewed the public health risks associated with the transfer of antimicrobial resistance from companion animals and has identified the major microbiological hazards coming from companion animals to humans, including thirdgeneration cephalosporin-resistant bacteria [1]
The number of dogs colonized with ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae was significantly higher in the after surgery (AS) group (63.6%, n = 14/22) than in the before surgery (BS) group
The findings presented here regarding dog colonization by CTX-resistant bacteria are of public health and veterinary interest
Summary
The European Medicine Agency has reviewed the public health risks associated with the transfer of antimicrobial resistance from companion animals and has identified the major microbiological hazards coming from companion animals to humans, including thirdgeneration cephalosporin-resistant bacteria [1]. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in companion animals and their close contact with humans provides opportunities for interspecies transmission [1]. Β-lactams are among the most important antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that confer resistance to most betalactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and the monobactam aztreonam except for cephamycins and carbapenems [6]. In addition to ESBLs, Enterobacteriaceae can acquire plasmid-encoded ampC genes (pAmpC) as an important resistance mechanism against β-lactams. AmpC β-lactamases hydrolyze several β-lactam antibiotics, including cephamycins, oxyimino cephalosporins, and monobactam aztreonam [7].
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