Abstract
Abstract This article details the conception, design, development and analysis of invisible, blind and robust color image watermarking algorithms based on the wavelet transform. Using error correcting codes, the watermarking algorithms are designed to be robust against intentional or unintentional attacks such as JPEG compression, additive white Gaussian noise, low pass filter and color attacks (hue, saturation and brightness modifications). Considering the watermarking channel characterized by these attacks, repetition, Hamming, Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem and Reed-Solomon codes are used in order to improve the robustness using different modes and appropriate decoding algorithms. The article compares the efficiency of different type of codes against different type of attacks. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that the effect of error-correcting codes against different attacks are detailed in a watermarking context in such a precise way: describing and comparing the effect of different classes of codes against different type of attacks. This article clearly shows that list decoding of Reed-Solomon codes using the algorithm of Sudan exhibits good performance against hue and saturation attacks. The use of error correcting codes in a concatenation mode allows the non-binary block codes to show good performance against JPEG compression, noise and brightness attacks.
Highlights
Watermarking provides a possible solution to ensure and safeguard copyright and intellectual property rights for online multimedia content
The watermarking of color images raises the issues of robustness against intentional or unintentional attacks; the invisibility with respect to the human visual system (HVS); the maximum allowable information that can be inserted into the image and the security of the watermark
We intend to improve the robustness performance of invisible color image watermarking algorithms so that such algorithms can resist intentional or unintentional attacks
Summary
Watermarking provides a possible solution to ensure and safeguard copyright and intellectual property rights for online multimedia content. The robustness performance of our wavelet based watermarking algorithm (presented in Section 2), which uses the relation between wavelet color coefficients, is enhanced with the help of error correcting codes. Watermarking algorithms use bounded distance decoding algorithms for different error correcting codes along with the concatenation of these codes with each other [2,3,4,5]. As code rates tends towards 0, the list decoding of Reed-Solomon codes shows asymptotic improvement in performance over the bounded distance algorithms. As generally [5,7,8] the codes rates for watermarking schemes rates are very low, we can employ this asymptotic improvement to our advantage These different error correcting codes exhibit different performance when the watermarked image is attacked. The last section studies the effectiveness of the codes against different types of attack
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