Abstract
Lead-free (Bi0.5Na0.5−y Li y )(Ti1−x Hf x )O3 piezoelectric ceramics were prepared using a conventional solid-state method, and the effects of Li and Hf on phase structure and electrical properties were systematically investigated. All the ceramics exhibited a rhombohedral phase, which is independent on the doped Li and Hf elements and contents. With the increase of Hf4+ or Li+, their T d values gradually decreased. Their piezoelectric and dielectric properties can be effectively enhanced by optimizing the amount of Hf4+ and Li+, and maximum d 33 value of ~100 pC/N and e r value of ~850 were achieved for x = 0.03, y = 0.1 and x = 0.12, y = 0, respectively. In addition, it was found that the ferroelectric and strain behavior was gradually weakened with the addition of Li and Hf. This research helps understand the influence of Li and Hf on the structure and properties of bismuth sodium titanate materials.
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