Ereboglobus luteus gen. nov. sp. nov. from cockroach guts, and new insights into the oxygen relationship of the genera Opitutus and Didymococcus (Verrucomicrobia: Opitutaceae)

Abstract

We isolated a novel member of the phylum Verrucomicrobia from the hindgut of the cockroach Shelfordella lateralis. Strain Ho45 is a yellow-pigmented, motile coccus that represents a new genus-level lineage with less than 93% sequence similarity to the 16S rRNA genes of other species in the family Opitutaceae. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a Gram-negative cell envelope with an outer membrane and a periplasmic space. In its ability to ferment sugars to propionate and acetate as major products, strain Ho45 resembles its closest relative, Opitutus terrae. However, the strains differed in their relationship to oxygen. Although strain Ho45 grew and consumed oxygen at sub-atmospheric concentrations (1–4%), both growth rate and cell yield decreased strongly with increasing oxygen concentration in the headspace. By contrast, O. terrae, previously described as an obligate anaerobe, proved to be facultatively aerobic, with highest growth rates and cell yields at 2% and 16% oxygen, respectively. Also the closely related Didymococcus (Diplosphaera) colitermitum, previously described as an obligately aerobic microaerophile, showed a fermentative metabolism under anoxic conditions, forming the same products from glucose as strain Ho45 and O. terrae. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, we propose strain Ho45 as the type strain of a novel genus, Ereboglobus luteus gen. nov. sp. nov., and provide an emended description of the family Opitutaceae and the genera Opitutus and Didymococcus.