Abstract
Rice straw is a residue that causes significant environmental problems, as burning it causes CO2 and ash emissions, while buried waste can cause issues associated with eutrophication. The extraction of straw from fields for alternative uses may contribute to solving these problems, but research into its economic viability is necessary. The straw can be used for crop mulching, biofuel, bedding for livestock, and so on. In this study, we analyse the work carried out by straw harvesting machines (rakes, balers, bundlers, and loaders) and calculate the costs of packing, road-siding, and transportation of the straw from the rice fields to stockage points in the producer area, as well as to locations outside of the rice production area, in order to assess the viability. The costs of all elemental operations were calculated. The costs of all the operations included between raking and unloading in the producer area stocking point ranged between 28.1 and 51 EUR t−1. These costs were compared with the price of rain-fed cereal straw (wheat and barley), which is the most abundant, noting that the years in which rain-fed cereal straw reached high prices, rice straw could serve as a competitive product; however, in years when the former is cheap, it would be necessary to subsidise the harvesting of rice straw.
Highlights
The Parque Natural de L’Albufera de València (Spain) is one of the most important wetlands in Southern Europe
The legal jurisdiction affecting the conservation of l’Albufera de València is distributed among various authorities, meaning that it is sometimes difficult to know which one of them is in charge of each of the numerous aspects involved in the conservation of such an area
The average distance between the centre of gravity of the production area and the closest road (DCG) was 1.19 km, the average distance between zones to the storage point (Dpa) was 3.27 km, and the average total distance from the road-siding to the storage point was 4.46 km
Summary
The Parque Natural de L’Albufera de València (Spain) is one of the most important wetlands in Southern Europe. The legal jurisdiction affecting the conservation of l’Albufera de València is distributed among various authorities, meaning that it is sometimes difficult to know which one of them is in charge of each of the numerous aspects involved in the conservation of such an area. The somewhat uncontrolled burning on days with prevailing winds meant that smoke was carried towards neighbouring cities, leading many citizens to complain about the presence of smoke and ash in the air This confrontation, combined with the current heightened awareness of climate change, has led authorities to prohibit or limit this practice in Spain [3,4], as well as in other occidental countries such as the USA [5]
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