Abstract
Owing to different temperature gradients, charge/discharge rates, and coulomb efficiencies, various releasable capacities of each cell have significant impacts on a pack capacity. Therefore, the equalisation system is an essential part in a battery pack, especially for a high-power application such as electric vehicle. In this study, the authors first review several traditional equalisation strategies. Subsequently, a new equalisation strategy (ES) based on the real `state' of a battery is proposed. They further establish the destination state-of-charge versus open-circuit voltage (SOC-OCV) cluster which is the target of the ES. Moreover, not only each SOC in serially connected battery cells, but also the SOC error according to the destination SOC-OCV cluster can be estimated. To avoid over-equalisation, the SOC error caused by the dispersion of OCVs is taken into account during the calculation of equalisation SOCs. A battery pack with five lithium iron phosphate cells in series is employed to verify the method, and results show that the capacity of battery pack is increased by 11% with equalisation.
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