Abstract
With the recent results of large hybrid air-shower experiments, it is clear that the simulations of the hadronic interactions are not reliable enough to obtain a consistent description of the observations. Even the mostrecentmodelstunedafterthefirstrunoftheLHCshowsignificantdiscrepancywithair-showerdata. Since then many more data have been collected at the LHC and at lower energies at the SPS which are not necessarily well described by these models. So before claiming any explanation involving new physics, it is necessary to have a model which can actually describe accelerator data in a very detailed way. That is the goal of EPOS 3, to understand both soft and hard particle production not only in light systems like proton-proton interactions but in heavy ions too. The latest results of the model will be presented and in particular the correlations between various observables which are very important to understand the real physical processes.
Highlights
Despite all the efforts done to take into account the first results of proton-proton collisions at LHC in hadronic interaction models used for air-shower simulations, the observed number of muons, their height of production or even the depth of shower maximum are still not reproduced consistently by the models [1]
Among the hadronic interaction models used for airshower analysis, only Epos [3,4,5] includes all the features needed to have a detailed description of the correlation between various observables [1]
Before LHC run, it was usually accepted that hydrodynamical phase expansion due to the formation of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) for instance was possible only in central heavy ion (HI) collisions
Summary
Despite all the efforts done to take into account the first results of proton-proton collisions at LHC in hadronic interaction models used for air-shower simulations, the observed number of muons, their height of production or even the depth of shower maximum are still not reproduced consistently by the models [1]. A new approach has been implemented to calculate the saturation scale in Epos which allows a better setting of the initial conditions to test the effect of collective hadronization. We will demonstrate that this effect, which was attributed to heavy ion collisions only, is very important to describe pp data in particular for strange particle production and that it is potentially more important for air showers than initially thought.
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