Abstract
In this review, the recent knowledge regarding the epigenetic effects of the nine most important dietary trace elements will be discussed. Although dietary trace elements (iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper, manganese, fluoride, chromium, and molybdenum) are incorporated into the human body in tiny amounts, however, they are critical and essential for maintaining normal cellular function and physiology. Aberrant level of these elements, especially when insufficient amount is present in the body, could lead to various human diseases. The biological importance of some of these elements has been noted for many decades, and recent data suggest that they can potentially impact gene expressions by alteration of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNA expression. Essential trace elements are required for the maintenance of epigenetic stability. Therefore, understanding more about the epigenetic effects associated with these dietary trace elements are crucial to finding ways for improving human health.
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