Abstract
BackgroundStudies that contributed to the epidemiology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy have reported conflicting findings, and often failed to account for all possible co-variables necessary to evaluate the multidimensional associations. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Estimate the prevalence and the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy during the 1st and the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, and 2) Identify determinants of presence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy during the 1st and 2nd trimesters separately, with a special emphasis on the impact of race/ethnicity.MethodsA prospective study including pregnant women attending the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine or René-Laennec clinics for their prenatal care was conducted from 2004 to 2006. Women were eligible if they were ≥ 18 years of age, and ≤ 16 weeks of gestation. Women were asked to fill out a 1st trimester self-administered questionnaire and were interviewed over the telephone during their 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Presence of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy was based on the reporting of pregnant women (yes/no); severity of symptoms was measured by the validated modified-PUQE index.ResultsOf the 367 women included in the study, 81.2% were Caucasians, 10.1% Blacks, 4.6% Hispanics, and 4.1% Asians. Multivariate analyses showed that race/ethnicity was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of reporting nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (Asians vs. Caucasians OR: 0.13; 95%CI 0.02–0.73; and Blacks vs. Caucasians OR: 0.29; 95%CI 0.09–0.99).ConclusionOur study showed that race/ethnicity was associated with the reporting of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.
Highlights
Studies that contributed to the epidemiology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy have reported conflicting findings, and often failed to account for all possible co-variables necessary to evaluate the multidimensional associations
Study design and study population We carried out a prospective study of pregnant women receiving prenatal care at the obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient clinic of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine) or the René-Laennec outpatient clinic, both affiliated with the University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from October 2004 to March 2006
Our study showed that oral contraceptives (OC) use in the six months prior to pregnancy decreased the likelihood of reporting nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) in the 1st trimester
Summary
Studies that contributed to the epidemiology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy have reported conflicting findings, and often failed to account for all possible co-variables necessary to evaluate the multidimensional associations. Studies that contributed to the epidemiology of NVP have reported conflicting findings, and often failed to account for all possible co-variables necessary to evaluate the multidimensional associations [8,9,10,11,12]. The reason for the possible association between race/ ethnicity and NVP is unknown but it has been proposed that differences between racial/ethnic groups could be accounted by important socioeconomic variables [12]. A study looking at the association between race/ethnicity and NVP, accounting for possible confounders is warranted
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