Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome is defined as the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the setting of thrombosis and/or pregnancy loss (APLS).Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune thromboinflammatory condition that affects individuals and their families in a negative and often fatal way. There are the two types of APS: Primary APS, which develops on its own, and secondary APS, which is linked to another autoimmune disorder, most often systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The HLA-DR7, DR4, DRw53, DQw7, and C4 null alleles have all been linked to APLS. APS is frequently misdiagnosed due to clinical diversity and a lack of diagnostic test consistency. The classification criteria were created to categorise APS patients for research reasons, but they can also be used by professionals to establish diagnoses. Unprovoked thrombosis is currently treated with long-term warfarin or another vitamin K antagonist drug. To avoid obstetric complications, low-dose aspirin and prophylactic heparin, primarily low-molecular-weight heparin, are utilised.In this article we’ll be looking at Anti-phospholipid Syndrome, it’s etiology, epidemiology, evaluation and management.
Highlights
Antiphospholipid antibodies are autoantibodies that target proteins that bind to phospholipids
Anticardiolipin antibodies of low titer can be found in up to 10% of healthy people, and the likelihood of a positive Antiphospholipid antibody (APLA) test rises with age
Antiphosphatidylserine antibodies, antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies, antivimentin / cardiolipin antibodies, antiphosphatidylinositol antibodies, antiphosphatidylglycerol antibodies, antibodies against prothrombin, and antibodies to the phosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex are all antibodies (Abs) that have been linked to Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
Summary
Antiphospholipid antibodies are autoantibodies that target proteins that bind to phospholipids. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune thromboinflammatory condition that affects individuals and their families in a negative and often fatal way Obstetrical issues, such as eclampsia or severe preeclampsia, which causes premature birth, as well as foetal death beyond the 10th week of pregnancy, are well-known in APS. Other clinical features such as persistent thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anaemia, livedo reticularis, APS nephropathy, and cognitive dysfunction, in addition to thrombosis and pregnancy complications, have been linked to APS and are often referred to as "non-criteria" or "extra-criteria" manifestations [2,3,4,5,6]. It's still unclear how often consistently positive aPL is in the general population [2,15,16,17]
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