Epidemiological study on the incidence of deep vein thrombosis associated with fracture sites

Abstract

Objective To retrospectively analyze the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and investigate the epidemiological characteristics of DVT associated with fracture sites. Methods The clinical records were retrospectively analyzed from February 2009 to February 2013 in Tianjin Hospital. The general data, clinical diagnosis, fracture site, injury mechanism, DVT occurrence time and complications were recorded. All the data were summarized, and the overall incidence of DVT and incidence of DVT in different fracture site were calculated according to the different site of the fracture classification. Results 1 543 fractures patients had happened DVT of 24 049 patients during four years. The overall incidence of DVT was 6.41% (1 543/24 049). In 1 543 DVT patients, there were 713 lower extremity fractures, 790 around hip fractures and 40 upper extremity fractures. The highest overall incidence of DVT was 12.33% (790/6 408) in around hip fractures, the overall incidence of DVT in lower extremity fractures (6.02%, 713/11 837) was obvious higher than upper extremity fractures (0.69%, 40/5804). In lower extremity fractures, the highest incidence of DVT fracture site was distal of femoral shaft with 23.04% (165/716), followed by 14.72% (178/1 209) of femoral shaft fractures, patella fracture was 7.27% (110/1 513), tibial plateau fracture was 5.83% (79/1 355), tibia and fibula fracture was 2.86% (91/3 180), ankle fracture was 2.60% (55/2 116), calcaneus fracture was 1.17% (15/1 281), forefoot fracture was 4.28% (20/467). In upper extremity fractures, the highest fracture site of incidence of DVT was shoulder fracture with 2.97% (9/303), other all upper extremity fractures were less than 1%. Conclusion The incidence of DVT is closely related to fracture site, there is significant difference between different sites of fractures. The fracture site such as distal of femoral shaft, femoral shaft, around of hip joint and pelvic should be been the key sites to prevent for DVT. Key words: Venous thrombosis; Fractures, bone; Risk factors; Epidemiologic studies