Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiology of maxillofacial odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts diagnosed for 30 years in a Brazilian population. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from the archives of a Brazilian referral center between 1989 and 2019. Data regarding age, gender, anatomical location, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and categorized. Further, a literature search for similar studies was performed. A total of 6.994 biopsy records were evaluated, but only 367 (5.24%) cases were classified as odontogenic cysts (OC) or non-odontogenic cysts (NOC). Among all cystic lesions, 341 cases (92.9%) were OC and 26 cases (7.1%) were NOC. These lesions were more common in females (n = 208 / 56.67%) and located mostly in the mandible (n = 195 / 53.1%). In patients with OC, the radicular cyst was the most frequent (n = 134 / 36.5%), followed by the dentigerous cyst (n = 101 / 27.5%) and the odontogenic keratocyst (n = 52 / 14.2%). Patients with NOC had a higher frequency of epidermoid cyst (n = 12 / 3.3%), oral lymphoepithelial cyst (n = 7 / 1.9%), and nasopalatine duct cyst (n = 4 / 1.1%). The OCs were more prevalent than NOCs, and inflammatory cysts were the most common among all the OCs.
Highlights
Cystic lesions are most commonly found in the jaw than in any other bone, and are a frequent cause of swelling in the jaw region.[1]
This study aimed to describe the frequencies of Odontogenic cysts (OC) and non-odontogenic cysts (NOC) in the oral and maxillofacial region histopathologically diagnosed over 30 years in a Brazilian population, according to the most recent classification proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO)
All hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides of cases previously diagnosed as OC or NOC were re-evaluated by an oral pathologist according to the latest WHO histopathological classification
Summary
Cystic lesions are most commonly found in the jaw than in any other bone, and are a frequent cause of swelling in the jaw region.[1] These lesions can have similar clinical, radiographic, and even histopathological characteristics, and their correct diagnosis is essential because some of these pathologies are susceptible to recurrence and aggressive behavior.[1, 2]. Cystic lesions have been classified over the years in different ways, based on tissue origin, radiographic characteristics, or clinical behavior.[3] Odontogenic cysts (OC) are bone-destructive lesions that originate from epithelial and mesenchymal remnants of dental embryogenesis such as the epithelial rests of Malassez, rests of Serres, and the dental follicle. This characteristic may favor the jaw bones to be a frequent place for the development of these lesions.[2,4] On the other hand, non-odontogenic
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