Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical and virologic features of the mucosal and thrombocytopenic BVDV infection in infected dairy cattle. Strategy of examination included clinical examination of diseased animals, serum samples (n=31) represented all diseased cattle, milk samples (n=8) represented clinically diseased cattle and vaginal swabs (n=8) from the hemorrhagic diseased and aborted cattle were tested. An international reference strain (NADL: National Animal Disease Laboratory) and local cytopathic BVDV genotype-II strain (Behera-CP 58/99) were used as positive controls. The virus was isolated from the 8 vaginal swabs and 5 out of the 8 milk samples. All the isolates were ncp that no CPEs were noticed over the 3 passages. By specific BVDV genotype -II monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against gp53, the viral antigen was identified using Fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-bovine IgG (specific intra cytoplasmic fluoresce granules) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-bovine IgG (specific intra cytoplasmic brown granules) were detected. By enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) technique, all serum samples were positive against the BVDV that had neutralizing antibodies titer ranges from ≥ 1/128 to ≥ 1/512. In conclusion, BVDV type -II do exist in cattle population and the understanding the molecular epidemiology is fundamental. Improved diagnostic and control strategies are essential to reduce losses inflected by BVDVs infection.
Highlights
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a complex pathogen of ruminants
Virologic and serological findings: BVDV was isolated from the 8 vaginal swabs and 5 out of the 8 milk samples
By enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) technique, all serum samples were positive against the BVDV that had neutralizing antibodies titer ranges from ≥ 1/128 to ≥ 1/512
Summary
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a complex pathogen of ruminants. The high prevalence of BVDV in combination with its negative effects on reproduction and the general health condition in affected herds result in significant economic losses to the cattle industry globally (Houe, 2003). The viral pathogenicity is related to its broad tissue tropism in the infected animal, its capacity to elicit damaging host responses, and most probably, an as yet incompletely defined direct mechanism of virulence (Potgieter, 1997; Brock, 2004). Bovine viral diarrhea virus strains are recognized as either cytopathic (cp) or noncytopathic (ncp), according to their effect in cell culture (Harding et al, 2002). Cattle persistently infected (PI) with the ncp-BVDV are the main reservoir within the herds and play the most important role in spreading of the disease (Bolin, 1990). There is a predominance of studies showing that the prevalence of PI animals ranges from 0.5% to 2% (Houe, 1999)
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