Abstract
心外膜脂肪组织（EAT）是位于心包脏层与心肌之间的脂肪组织。生理状态下，EAT具有参与代谢、提供热量以及机械保护的作用；病理状态下，EAT通过参与内皮功能、凝血和炎症相关的细胞因子分泌影响心血管功能。EAT可由影像学方法如经胸超声心动图、计算机断层扫描、心脏磁共振成像、正电子发射计算机断层显像进行定性和定量评价。EAT与儿童的肥胖、心血管疾病、遗传代谢疾病、炎症疾病、胰岛素抵抗及糖尿病的发生发展和远期预后有密切联系，可帮助儿童疾病的疗效评价、预后分析、危险分层、远期管理等，了解EAT与儿童相关疾病的联系具有重要的临床意义。该文就EAT的病理生理、评估方法和在儿童疾病的临床应用等方面作一综述，旨在为儿童EAT的量化及预测相关疾病的发生发展提供帮助。.
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