Eoghan Desmond’s Amra Choluim Chille : a contemporary choral setting of a sixth-century poem

This article analyses Edi for solo clarinet by Toshio Hosokawa, focusing on its unique use of modal structures and contemporary techniques that draw on both neoclassical and folkloric influences. The piece unfolds through interconnected modal zones, each centred on tonal nuclei and enriched by expressive ornaments like vibrato, frullato, and voice integration. These techniques explore the clarinet's full acoustic potential, merging Japanese and Romanian cultural references. Through detailed analysis of tonal shifts and melodic motifs, this study highlights how Edi bridges planetary folklore with a modern aesthetic, creating a nuanced and expressive soundscape.

The investigation is dedicated to the analysis of prosodic peculiarities of Irish speech. The bilingual situation in which influence of the British English as well as general tendencies of the development common for national and regional variants of the English language characterize the Irish variant of English. Bilinguism in Ireland can be divided into four periods : 1) the beginning of British invasion which is characterized by gradual ousting of the Irish language; 2) the second period is characterized by discrimination of the Irish language, which was totally ousted from all the spheres of functioning, only it existed in rural regions; 3) the third period of its history is marked by the struggle for independence and the return of the native Irish language; 4) the growing of the Irish language prestige, giving it the official status mark the fourth period. During the historical process there were developed strong political, cultural and economic ties, however Britain has always dominated and thus, influenced differences between the two languages – the English and the Irish. It has been noted by the investigators of the linguistic situation in Ireland, a long refusal of the Irish language usage led to English language prevalence, even when the Irish language got the official status. There exists an exact division of the spheres of the Irish and the English usage and their social marking. Men are more conservative in daily language usage. Women often mix both the languages in speech. If one language displays the other there exists bilingual situation, so that neither displacement nor full perception is present. This fact allows to hope on preserving the Irish language. The material of the investigation which consists of quazispontaneous monological utterances of native Irish speakers from two regions – the North and the South of Ireland, was investigated with the help of perceptive and acoustic analyses. Perceptive analysis has revealed that the usage of Low Falling terminal tone has been the most frequent, as well as the variable character of frequency range Rising Head has also been recurrent in the Irish speech informants of the southern part of the country.

The Coming of the Celts, AD 1860: Celtic Nationalism in Ireland and Wales, Caoimhín De Barra (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2018), 372 pages. Caoimhín De Barra’s The Coming of the Celts is a well-considered examination of the often-ambivalent relationship between the respective promoters of Welsh and Irish language, literature and culture in the later nineteenth and earlier twentieth centuries. De Barra, a member of the History Faculty at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington, sees the language movements in Wales and Ireland both as part of the general development of romantic bourgeois nationalism that flourished among smaller, or divided, nationalities in nineteenth-century Europe and also as an often-failed attempt to discover political and cultural commonalities between the two countries, and the other Celtic nations, commonalities that sometimes simply didn’t exist. There were two significant fault lines separating the Welsh and Irish language movements. The first was mutual unintelligibility between speakers of the two major divisions among the six modern Celtic languages, the Goidelic languages (Irish and Scottish Gaelic, descended from a high Medieval form of Irish – two languages that are mutually understandable) and the Brittonic languages (Welsh and Breton, descended from a Celtic language spoken in Wales and West Britain in late antiquity – languages that are unintelligible both to speakers of the Goidelic languages and to speakers of the two major Brittonic tongues). Two other Celtic languages, Cornish (a Brittonic language) and Manx (a Goidelic language), died out, primarily in the eighteenth century (with remnants of Manx surviving until a few generations ago), but these languages recently have been revived as sometimes precocious hobby-languages by scholars and enthusiasts, through the examination of historic texts. While older ‘Irish’ and ‘Welsh’ thus are the primary historic progenitors of their respective modern language groups, these two languages developed mostly in isolation from one another and thus proved poor vehicles for a unified ‘Celtic’ consciousness and collective cultural/political programmes. Such programmes preoccupied a relatively small number of Pan-Celtic supporters in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but their goals usually were hazy and unrealisable – the product of collective undefined goodwill as much as anything. Also, five of the six modern Celtic nations had Studies • volume 108 • number 431 360 Autumn 2019: Book Reviews Studies_layout_AUTUMN-2019.indd 128 21/08/2019 09:14 English as a well-established first language by the period in question, which tended to isolate the Bretons, who often were among the more enthusiastic of the Pan-Celts. Finally, while the later Gaelic League in Ireland had a political and cultural programme that was decidedly Modernist and forwardlooking , attempting to update the Irish language in contemporary settings, the Scottish, Welsh and Breton Pan-Celts too often (to the Irish, at least) seemed preoccupied with a ‘Golden’ past and too concerned with externals like Druidical ceremonies and national costumes. A second point of division, one repeatedly alluded to by De Barra but never considered in sufficient depth, was religious. Welsh speakers during the time in question were largely evangelical Calvinistic Methodist dissenters, extremely suspicious of Roman Catholicism, while members of the Irish language movement were mostly (at least cultural) Catholics. This religious division led to suspicion and a certain cultural revulsion between the two groups, more often coming from the Welsh than the Irish side of things, which sometimes proved a difficulty in efforts at mutual programmatic development. Both ‘primordial’ languages, however, survived periods of significant religious change in the twentieth century, with the Welsh national conversion from Protestant evangelicalism to the increasingly secular socialism of the Labour Party; and the general Irish detachment from Catholicism after the clerical sexual-abuse crisis of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The development of the nationalist impulse in each of the four major Celtic nations during the last half of the nineteenthcentury went hand-in-hand with a movement toward pan-Celtic appreciation, if not unity, perhaps inspired by the example of Italian and German unification. This impulse, while recurring and popular on the surface, ultimately was a failure. While there might have been distant linguistic connections between the two primary Celtic-language groups somewhere on the continent...

This is the study of four nationalist composers and their contributions to the nationalist music of Ireland, which this author proposes are the continuation of the native music of Ireland, namely Fleischmann, Ó Riada, Bodley, and McGlynn. While other regions saw the rise in nationalist music in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the long British rule and subversion of Irish culture delayed this musical evolution until much more recently, especially in the choral repertoire. These composers used the Irish language in a manner that honored and sought to promote it as a living entity, and they used literature and folklore as primary sources of material. In addition to creating arrangements of traditional or folk songs, they used or quoted them in their original compositions, thus creating a unique, individual voice through an ancient medium. And, rather than succumbing to the experimental or serial ideas that were most prevalent on the European continent through much of the Twentieth century, all of these composers forged a harmonic language that, while modern, atonal, or tonal, was also rooted in the modality found in the ancient music of Ireland.

Despite a wide recognition that external relationships are a significant force in shaping the pattern of Australian economic and political history, available theories for analysing the interplay of external and internal processes -- political sociology, dependency and world systems theory -- do not provide a reliable basis for coming to tenns with this aspect of Australia's historical experience in a contemporary setting. The world-historical perspective, as developed in an Australian context by McMichael, does addresses this problem usefully, but it is of limited contemporary utility since it largely focuses on the colonial period of the first half of the nineteenth century when Australia's economic structure and political institutions were relatively undeveloped. Two major areas of theoretical debate are addresed in chapters two and three. Chapter Two critically re-evaluates the utility of political sociology for a world-historical approach by analysing debates about nation-state territoriality. In Chapter Three the discussion considers dependency and world system perspectives, as well as couurent debates within international relations through a critical a~sessment of their approach to the historical development of the nation-state system. The thesis then proposes a re-evaluation of the applicability of the notion of hegemony to the study of relationships between nation-states, and a conception of a regime-governed international order as an alternative to the current approaches. Within this conceptual framework, the thesis focuses on a case study of the establishment, consolidation and decline of United States hegemony, and the concomitant decline of British power, in the Asia-Pacific region, and Australia's active engagement with this historical process. The ways in which this external program of United States regime-building impinged upon Australian domestic politics and established an external source of state legitimacy for both Labor and conservative governments is analysed in chapters Five and Six. These chapters also discuss the effects on the economic and political transformation of Australia from the l930s to the 1950s and continuing problems which follow the aftermath of the defeat of the 'Western alliance' in Vietnam and the onset of the global recession. The concluding chapter consolidates the linkage between the empirical and theoretical content of the thesis in order to propose a conceptual approach to the study the relationships between nation-states and the international order and to apply this approach to a consideration of the future prospects for Australia.

Land-use legacy of historical tree harvesting for charcoal production in a semi-arid woodland

the city and the literary text: Max Byrd's London Transformed: Image of the City in the Eighteenth Century, F. S. Schwarzbach's Dickens and the City, Alexander Welsh's The City of Dickens, Donald Fanger's Dostoevsky and Romantic Realism, and Burton Pike's The Image of the City in Modern Literature,2 just to name a few. This paper attempts to bring all of these divergent matters together in a way that not only relates urban texts to literary texts but also suggests that these texts are as much influenced by historical change as is the city itself. My assumption is that the literary text codifies ideas and attitudes about the city and that as the city itself changes under historical influence, so do these codes, exhausting traditional modes as they call for new meaning, often by parodying the emptiness of the older forms. For purposes of this paper, I have divided the evolution of the modern city into three phases: the commercial, the industrial, and the world city-traditional categories, except for perhaps the third, which Daniel Bell refers to as the post-industrial city and David M. Gordon3 as the corporate city. In what follows I shall argue that we have already gone beyond those terms just as emphatically as postmodern literature has gone beyond the modern.

Stories are the foundation of qualitative research. However, the development of qualitative methods rooted in oral traditions remains largely unexplored by researchers. The contextual and historical influences on storytelling and storytaking are critical features of the African American oral tradition that are often ignored or minimized in qualitative research. Despite the complex and often contentious history of African Americans, their oral traditions have not been explored to reveal the depth of their lived experiences and the way those experiences inform their health concerns. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, dialogues about storytelling and storytaking are revisited and critiqued. Second, a comprehensive analytic process for gathering and interpreting stories rooted in African American oral tradition is outlined.

In traditional single image super-resolution (SR) methods based on dictionary model, a large number of image features are needed to train the SR dictionary. In general, these features are extracted by artificial rules, such as pixel gray, gradient, and texture structure. But, the dictionary model trained by these artificial features or their combinations has exhibited poor expression especially for the images with complex and rich structures. Therefore, how to improve the dictionary expression ability and make the dictionary have more accurate description of the image features is a problem worthy of further study. In this paper, based on the advantage of dictionary training and deep learning, a new method of single image SR based on deep learning features and dictionary model is proposed. The new algorithm contains three steps. First, the features of high-resolution and low-resolution training images are extracted by a Kernel deep learning network. Second, in the sparse representation of SR framework, the dictionary model is trained by these deep learning features. Finally, an LR image SR is completed. Theoretical analysis show that the dictionary trained by deep learning features can improve in the ability to express image complex structure and texture, and it has more advantage than traditional artificial features dictionary. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can produce good SR visual results than the comparison algorithm, such as Bicubic, sparse coding super-resolution, and super-resolution convolutional neural network. And the peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index measurement are improved, the Computation Time is also reasonable.

Automated colon cancer detection using hybrid of novel geometric features and some traditional features

In this chapter, the author illustrates the importance of history in understanding contemporary social settings. Namely, the historical development of competitive cycling during the nineteenth century is explored and its relationship to masculinity. Masculinities in Victorian British society are first discussed before this foundation is used to discuss the development of competitive sport and how road cycling maps onto this historical process. It is explained that masculinity has had a deep and enduring influence on the development of competitive road cycling.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The effectiveness of three different techniques, designed to improve the bending fatigue life in comparison to conventionally processed gas-carburized 8620 steel, were evaluated with modified Brugger bending fatigue specimens and actual ring and pinion gears. The bending fatigue samples were machined from forged gear blanks from the same lot of material used for the pinion gear tests, and all processing of laboratory samples and gears was done together. Fatigue data were obtained on standard as-carburized parts and after three special processing histories: shot-peening to increase surface residual stresses; double heat treating to refined austenite grain size; and vacuum carburizing to minimize intergranular oxidation. Standard room-temperature S-N curves and endurance limits were obtained with the laboratory samples. The pinions were run as part of a complete gear set on a laboratory dynamometer and data were obtained at two imposed torque levels. The number of cycles to failure was used to evaluate the effects of processing history.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Based on laboratory endurance limits, shown in parentheses, the processing histories ranked as follows: shot-peened (1410 MPa), vacuum carburized (1210 MPa), reheated to refine grain size (1140 MPa), and as-gas-carburized (1000MPa). In the gear set tests, shot peening also proved to be the most effective way to improve fatigue life at both imposed torque levels. The results of this study show that data on laboratory samples can be used to interpret the fatigue performance of gears.</div>

The island of Cyprus has a rich historical and architectural value as it has witnessed many different cultures. The main focus of the research was to study the historical, cultural and heritage houses in the Arabahmet neighbourhood of the capital city of Northern Cyprus in the framework of sustainable conservation. In line with the sustainable conservation parameters of the Arabahmet neighbourhood, it was studied in the framework of different approaches and the relationship between the old and the new is investigated. The main objective of this analytical study is to focus on the context of the historical heritage structures in the context of the inheritance crossing corridor of historical texture between the surrounding texture and the historical texture. Lusignan, Venetian, Ottoman and English culture within the structure of this neighbourhood’s current plan structure and environmental texture of the past and the present relationship between the past relationships was investigated. At the end of the study, suggestions will be presented within the scope of the revitalization of the existing texture in the context of sustainable conservation and the reuse of the historical fabric with its sustainable adaptation.

Freshwater fish species richness on 132 West European and North American rivers is analysed using eleven variables related to contemporary ecology (nine) and history (two). This is done in order to examine the relative and joint effects of both historical and ongoing processes on the contemporary richness of these two regional fish faunas. Relationships are quantified by simple and stepwise multiple regression procedures. Species‐area curves are presented for the fish faunas within both continents. We show that ecological factors statistically explain most of the variation in freshwater fish species richness for both continents. Effects of historical factors are shown to be statistically significant, but add only a little to the variance already explained by ecological factors. Our analyses further indicate that rivers (which flow directly into the ocean) support fewer species of fish than do similarly sized tributaries. The immigration‐extinction hypothesis appears to provide a plausible explanation for this observed pattern. The fact that in our final model, a continental effect is still highly significant, leads us not to exclude the possibility of some other historical influences in generating different overall species richness levels on the two continents.

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview and discussion of pregnancy and sexuality among youth in Chile from a social, cultural, and political perspective. Trends and patterns of a number of behaviors (i.e., pregnancy rates, infant mortality rates, use of contraceptives, attitudes toward sex) are presented, and the historical influences on contemporary youth are discussed. We argue that youth live under competing epistemological stances that converge and play out within the social space as both promoting sexualized behavior and admonishing it. These confusing and seeming arbitrary messages (both explicit and implicit through the denial of sexual health education) are likely to have a confusing and negative effect on the lives and development of Chilean adolescents. Today, Chile maintains a democratically lead government and claims to be the most economically and socially stable country in Latin America. These changes have dramatically changed the social and political climate for all Chileans and especially for adolescent females. Young Chilean girls and boys must not only manage the changing hormonal and social pressures of their adolescent lives, but they must also navigate a current reality marked by historical, religious, cultural, economic, and political processes. This chapter posits that the complex social realities of Chilean history and present social and political realities contribute to the country’s failure to properly address issues concerning adolescent sexuality, sexual and reproductive rights, health, and education, and teenage motherhood. We conclude that Chilean policies and practices need to align with the changing social realities, however, for this to occur a new radical approach needs to be considered especially for those young women who are the most vulnerable in society.