Abstract
Flavonoids are one of the important active ingredients from Acanthopanax senticosus, with a variety of biological functions, such as antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The aim of this work was to investigate enzyme-assisted ultrasonic extraction of A. senticosus flavonoids and their enrichment and antioxidant properties. We found that the optimal extraction process after Box–Behnken response surface optimization had the following parameters: a 3:2 ratio of cellulase to pectinase, enzyme mixture amount of 6960 U g−1, enzyme treatment time of 59.80 min; temperature of 53.70 °C, and pH value of 6.05. The yield of total flavonoids reached 36.95 ± 0.05 mg g−1. The results for different polar solvent enrichments showed that the highest flavonoid (61.0 ± 0.344 mg g−1), polyphenol (24.93 ± 0.234 mg g−1), and saponin (17.80 ± 0.586 mg g−1) contents were observed in the 1-butanol fraction, and the highest polysaccharide content (20.04 ± 0.783 mg g−1) was in the water fraction. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the antioxidant potential of the extract was related to the higher amount of flavonoids and phenolics in the extract. We thus found an effective A. senticosus flavonoid extraction and enrichment procedure, which can serve as a reference method.
Highlights
Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.), previously classified as Eleutherococcus senticosus, which is commonly known as Ciwujia, is a perennial deciduous shrub of the genus Acanthopanax in the family Acanthopanax [1], and its dried root and rhizome or stem are used as medicines in Chinese traditional medicine [2]
A. senticosus has been used for many years in disease prevention and treatment owing to being rich in a large number of biologically active ingredients, and flavonoids are an important part of its pharmacological activity compounds
The enzyme-assisted ultrasonic extraction is an efficient method in the extraction of active ingredients for traditional Chinese medicine
Summary
Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.), previously classified as Eleutherococcus senticosus, which is commonly known as Ciwujia, is a perennial deciduous shrub of the genus Acanthopanax in the family Acanthopanax [1], and its dried root and rhizome or stem are used as medicines in Chinese traditional medicine [2]. In traditional Chinese medicine, A. senticosus has been used to nourish Qi to invigorate the spleen and can tonify the kidney to tranquilize the mind [3]. It is mainly distributed in northeast China, Hebei, and Shanxi [4]. The main active ingredients of A. senticosus include glycosides [5], flavonoids [6], polysaccharides [7], and organic acids [8], which have anti-fatigue [9], immunomodulatory [10], and antioxidant properties [11]. Total flavonoids from A. senticosus have a variety of pharmacological activities and are important pharmacodynamic materials [13]
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