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Abstract
This study investigated using walnut shells (WSs), a commonly found adsorbent, to remove tylosin, a common antibiotic, from wastewater. Characterization of the WS was carried out using Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To determine the adsorption conditions in the batch system, solution pH, adsorbent amount, and contact time factors were studied. In the continuous system, flow rate and adsorbent amount were investigated. In adsorption studies carried out in a batch system, the optimum pH was determined as the original pH of the antibiotic solution (pH 7.5). Adsorption equilibrium was established in 30 minutes for a 10 g/L adsorbent amount. Kinetic and isotherm parameters were calculated using data obtained from experimental studies. The kinetic studies were evaluated with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The tylosin's adsorption results on WS show that it fits the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The isotherm studies on the adsorption of tylosin with WS were performed using the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. The tylosin's adsorption results on WS show that it fits the Langmuir isotherm model. In the adsorption studies carried out in the column system, the adsorbent amount and flow rate parameters were 30 g/L and 0.2 mL/min, respectively. In studies carried out in batch and column system environments, 78% and 100% removal were achieved, respectively. This method was successfully applied to determine tylosin in wastewater samples.
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