Abstract
The article aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of international water treaties in addressing environmental challenges in river basins. The Ganga and Indus River basins, encompassing a vast expanse of 2.20 million square kilometers, serve as the lifeblood for roughly one billion inhabitants of the South Asian region. However, the escalating challenges of water scarcity, climate change, over-extraction, pollution, and reduced flow that stem from burgeoning population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural activities, have critically endangered the water quality and quantity of these basins. The Ganga and Indus Water Treaties were created to promote collaboration and address water-related environmental issues. However, their limitations in addressing these threats make it necessary to review their effectiveness and examine their gaps and inadequacies. The study examines treaties related to the Indus and Ganga River basins regarding environmental threats, identifying gaps that need attention. A comparative analysis with the UN Watercourse Convention will be conducted to assess their effectiveness and adherence to global standards. Key Words: Environmental threats, IWT, Ganga treaty, UNWC
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