Environmental influences on cardiovascular risk factors among Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands with type 2 diabetes (806.4)

Abstract

The study examined the associations of serum cotinine (a biomarker of smoke exposure) and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with blood pressure and serum lipids in Turkish immigrants with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A total of 110 participants, physician‐diagnosed with T2D, aged 30 years and older were recruited from multiple sources from The Hague, Netherlands in a cross‐sectional design. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using automated office blood pressure equipment. Serum cotinine levels were measured with a solid‐phase competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. Serum 25(OH)D was determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum lipids were determined by enzymatic assay and included total cholesterol (CHOL), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG). Total cholesterol to HDL ratio (CHOL:HDL) and atherosclerosis‐index (AI) were calculated. High cotinine levels (蠅 25 ng/mL) were associated with high CHOL:HDL ratio (B= 0.59, SE= 0.28, P<0.05) and high AI (B= 0.59, SE= 0.28, P<0.05). Low 25(OH)D levels (< 25 nmol/L) were associated with low DBP (B= ‐4.14, SE= 2.00, P<0.05). These findings suggest that serum cotinine and 25(OH)D may be assessed as a standard of care for T2D management in the Turkish immigrant population. Prospective studies of diabetes outcomes are recommended to further verify these findings.