Abstract
The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of decreasing the chosen environmental indicators like energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) production and other exhaust pollutants in the selected region in Slovakia by introducing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) buses into bus transport. The assessment is carried out by comparing the consumption and emissions of current buses (EURO 2) in real operation, with potential buses (EURO 6) and with pilot LNG buses testing on the same lines. Comparison took place under the same conditions over the same period. The study measures the energy consumption and GHG production per bus. The research paper also compares two methodologies of calculation. The first calculation is according to the European Standard EN 16258: 2012 which specifies the general methodology for evaluation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions (all services - cargo, passengers or both). The second calculation is according to the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA). The results of the calculation are compared by both methods, and the most suitable version of the bus in terms of GHG emissions is proposed.
Highlights
Petrol and diesel should be replaced by alternative fuels
The results show that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission production of the EURO 6 diesel bus is 2.70% higher than the According to the current scientific and technical procedures, buses are divided into five categories according to fuel types [37]
It compares the production of GHG emissions of the current diesel bus fleet of EURO 2, diesel buses EURO 6 and pilot tested Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) version meeting the same emission standard
Summary
Petrol and diesel should be replaced by alternative fuels. Alternative fuel vehicles should be fiscally preferred, and they should be exempted from different registration fees [1]. The Ministry of Economy of the Slovak Republic has prepared twelve measures to promote alternative fuels, such as electricity, liquefied and compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen or liquid biofuels. The construction of alternative fuel infrastructure should be encouraged [2] Another measure is to shorten the depreciation period for such vehicles or to introduce low-emission zones in towns and villages to which only alternative fuel vehicles should have access. This should be seen as an EU support for alternative fuels [3]. Solutions are currently being sought to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from transport [4]
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