Environmental impact of fish farming: assessment of metal contamination and sediment geochemistry at three aquaculture areas from the eastern Aegean coast.

Abstract

Metal contamination and geochemistry of surface sediments were assessed at three aquaculture sites from the eastern Aegean coast. The chlorophyll degradation products and organic carbon levels were used as indicators of eutrophication status. In Akköy, higher Hg, Pb, and Cd levels were observed around the cages, while maximum concentrations of other elements were determined at stations situated near the Büyük Menderes River estuary. Metal concentrations were less than the central Aegean coast background levels other than Zn, Ni, and Cr in Akköy. Several approximations have been utilized to evaluate potential toxicity of sediments and sediment quality guidelines (SQG) were used to estimate the risks for aquatic life. Ni was the only metal with concentrations exceeding all SQG values, which indicates the highest adverse biological effect in Ildır, Akköy, and occasionally toxic in Güllük. Based on QPEL and QTEL, Ni and Cr were the predominant metal contaminants in all areas. Similarly, Cr and Ni account for the most of the all sediment toxicity in the aquaculture areas according to toxic risk index. It is concluded that sediments around the fish farms are affected by growing input of elements because of aquaculture activity. The levels of chlorophyll degradation products showed oligotrophic and mesotrophic conditions in the three studied aquaculture areas.