Environmental impact assessment for desalination plants in Libya. Case study: Benghazi North and Tobrouk desalination plants

The Libyan experimental on the environmental impact assessment for desalination plants

The desalination plants are considered to have a major role in developing human life. Recently this technology has become widely distributed along the coastal area. Many countries are adopting these technologies for securing the freshwater supply for consumer consumption all over the world. Therefore, it's necessary to evaluate the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of these technologies on the coastal line.
 This study has been monitoring seawater quality used for feeding desalination plants to determine the heavy metals of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) by using the chemical monitoring system to know their effects on the desalination units and other components. This study was conducted in the year 2010 from March to October, samples were collected from feed water intake of Tripoli’s West Desalination Plant (Janzour), the plant was chosen because of its importance in supplying fresh water for potable water and industrial uses.
 The results of this study showed monthly differences in most tested parameters. These differences lead to scale and corrosion by precipitation on the components of the desalination units. On the other hand, the concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn were very high compared to the standard rates of the seawater. The mean concentration in ppm at sites 1 and 2 of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn were (0.044 & 0.043), (2.30 & 2.85), (0.0585 & 0.0593), and (0.0712 & 0.0713) respectively.

Alternative approach for assessment and limitation of environmental impacts from desalination plant water discharges by substitution of the „mixing zone” by a „minimum dilution volume”

This study was performed to understand the chemical properties of coastal groundwaters of Korea and to evaluate salinization and desalinization using the chemical compositions of groundwaters, ionic ratios and base cation exchange. Salinization and desalinization frequently occurs in coastal and reclaimed regions, respectively. The reclaimed regions are mainly distributed in western coastal areas, but those are hardly distributed in southern coastal area. Thus, in the western coastal areas, the chemical compositions of groundwaters were mainly affected by salinization by seawater encroachment and desalinization by recharge of fresh water. 33 ~ 37% of the total groundwater samples were affected by seawater, and 6 ~ 15% of the total brackish and saline groundwater samples observed desalinization. However, in the southern coastal areas, the chemical compositions of groundwaters were mainly influenced by salinization (approximately 30 ~ 34%). Also, desalinization processes were observed in some southern groundwater samples (approximately 2 ~ 4%). While the desalinization in the western coastal groundwater was mainly observed in reclaimed regions, desalinization in the southern coastal groundwater was not observed in only reclaimed region. This study shows that desalinization can be one of main factors controlling the chemical compositions of groundwaters in the coastal areas including reclaimed regions and base cation exchange is good tool to identify desalinization.

Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and ManagementVol. 16, No. 03, 1401003 (2014) No AccessEDITORIAL — DISASTER AND RISK MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTThomas FischerThomas Fischer Search for more papers by this author https://doi.org/10.1142/S1464333214010030Cited by:6 Next AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail References J. Artset al., Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 14(4), (2012). Link, Google Scholar Benson, C (2007). Environmental assessment. In Tools for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction, C Benson and J Twigg (eds), http://www.preventionweb.net/files/1066_toolsformainstreamingDRR.pdf: 79–89 . Google Scholar T. B. Fischer , Theory and Practice of Strategic Environmental Assessment — Towards a More Systematic Approach ( Earthscan , London , 2007 ) . Google Scholar Fischer, TB (2009). On the role(s) of (strategic) environmental assessment in "greening" decision making. University of Utrecht, Copernicus Lecture, 2 March. http://www.twoeam-eu.net . Google Scholar Fischer, TB and O Nadeem (2013). Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Curriculum for Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan. Pakistan: IUCN. http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/niap_eia_curriculum_for_hei_pdf . Google Scholar Gore, T and TB Fischer (2014). Uncovering the factors that can support and impede post-disaster EIA practice in developing countries: The case of Aceh Province, Indonesia. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2013.09.001 . Google Scholar Randall, J and E Jowett (2010). Green recovery and reconstruction toolkit — Environmental impact assessment tools and techniques. World Wildlife Fund, San Francisco. http://green-recovery.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Module-3-Content-Paper.pdf . Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By 6Integration of the Standalone ‘Risk Assessment’ Section in Project Level Environmental Impact Assessment Reports for Value Addition: An Indian Case AnalysisArjun Kumar A. Rathi26 January 2023 | Sustainability, Vol. 15, No. 3Assessing impact of salinity and climate scenarios on dry season field crops in the coastal region of BangladeshAna J.P. Carcedo, Leonardo M. Bastos, Sudhir Yadav, Manoranjan K. Mondal and S.V. Krishna Jagadish et al.1 Jun 2022 | Agricultural Systems, Vol. 200Assessing Impact of Salinity and Climate Scenarios on Dry Season Field Crops in the Coastal Region of BangladeshAna Carcedo, Leonardo M. Bastos, Sudhir Yadav, Manoranjan K. Mondal and S.V. Krishna Jagadish et al.1 Jan 2021 | SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 106Strategic Environmental Assessment for development programs and sustainability transition in the Colombian post-conflict contextJuanita Gallego Dávila, Juan Azcárate and Lone Kørnøv1 Jan 2019 | Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 74Tools for integrating environmental objectives into policy and practice: What works where?Hens Runhaar1 Jul 2016 | Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 59How is the Role of Ecosystem Services Considered in Local Level Flood Management Policies: Case Study in Cumbria, EnglandNazmul Huq and Alexander Stubbings12 January 2016 | Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, Vol. 17, No. 04 Recommended Vol. 16, No. 03 Metrics History Published: 7 October 2014 PDF download

Hybrid membrane system for desalination and wastewater treatment : Integrating forward osmosis and low pressure reverse osmosis

An environmental impact assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Masjid-I-Sulaiman desalination and operating unit’s project in the southern of Iran using Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) method is presented. The field is located between 32° 06' 53.60'' North and 40° 10' 54.18'' East, in the Masjid-I-Sulaiman area. It is planned to produce rate of 55,000 oil barrels per day. In this study, an attempt was made to identify and assess the likely key impacts of desalination and operating units in two phases: Construction and Operation. In the evaluation process, positive and negative environmental impacts of Masjid-I-Sulaiman desalination and operating units were assessed based on the results of multi-disciplinary team approach and the field survey data using RIAM method. In this regard, given that in today’s world for a closer look at the environmental impact of development projects and achieve a safer reply, using new implementation methods such as MCDM can be appropriate. The results of assessment reveal that the percent volumetric positive effects in alternative 1is more than percent volumetric negative impact on the second alternative, therefore the implementation of the project with some mitigation plans and monitoring program for the alternative 1 was chosen as a best option is accepted. Then on the basis of current evaluation suggest monitoring program and mitigation plans.

基于GIS山西省矿产资源规划环境影响评价

The primordial method to prevent, avoid and/or mitigate the deterioration of desalination plants (DP) materials is the selection of chemical and mechanical resistant materials to the DP operation conditions. Three different types of saline waters (SW) are treated in DPs: sea water, brackish water (BW) and brines, a byproduct that showed be disposed to avoid ecological problems. A DP is a complex, organized structure managing physicochemical processes: compression, filtration, evaporation, condensation, and circulation, involve diverse equipment, e.g. pumps, pipelines, turbines, heat exchangers, deaerators, storage tanks, valves, control and flow instruments. Metallic, plastic and composite materials are applied for the manufacture of these equipments. The surface of DP equipment should be kept clean and smooth applying sanitation regulation to prevent sealing and fouling difficulties. It is convenient to attach a corrosion technician at a DP to manage a corrosion laboratory, to expose corrosion test specimens of new materials and to control the corrosive factors of the DP fluids, to avoid expensive damaging corrosion occurrences. Modern DPs are built from correctly selected CRA and CRM. Application of recognized and approved technology of corrosion protection and control should provide prolonged equipment service life and freedom form corrosion. Correct operation and maintenance of a DP will assure the efficiency and economic profitability of the desalination industry (DI) rand provide prolonged equipment service life and freedom from corrosion.

Water scarcity is an alarming global problem for a growing population with depleting sources of fresh water. Desalination is thus becoming an important solution for water management to address such looming shortage of the municipal water supply. At present, several technologies dominate the desalination industry which can be categorized either as a thermal process such as multi-stage flash distillation or a membrane process such as that of reverse osmosis. New desalination systems are also being developed to make the process more cost-effective and energy efficient. Hence, this work proposes a systematic approach for optimal selection of desalination systems using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA). Fuzzy AHP addresses the vagueness involve in the trade-off of the criteria or attributes used in evaluating the alternatives. On the other hand, the GRA solves the multiple criteria decision problem by aggregating the entire range of performance attribute values for every alternative into a single score in spite of incomplete information. An illustrative case study was presented wherein five desalination systems namely reverse osmosis (RO), combined reverse osmosis and forward osmosis (RO-FO), electrodialysis (ED), multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), and combined forward osmosis and membrane distillation (FO-MD) were evaluated. These desalination systems were compared to each other with respect to energy requirement, land footprint, system efficiency, economic viability, and maturity of technology. Sensitivity analysis was also done to determine the robustness of the modeling results from the variation of weights of the criteria.

The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment: a further step towards an integrated assessment process

Safe drinking water for the coastal areas of Bangladesh has become a big challenge. Arsenic adulteration and salinity intrusion in surface water body has accelerated the scarcity of water in the coastal region. As situation ameliorating and also investment for water-borne diseases is decreasing, it becomes the major threat for a third-world country like Bangladesh. There are lots of alternatives for water supply but there are also a huge number of constraints. Most of the traditional dug wells (DW), ring wells (RW) and alternative pond sand filters (PSF) are now inoperative due to shortage of fresh surface water body and also adequate maintenance. Except a few, most of the shallow tube wells (STW) and deep tube wells (DTW) in coastal areas face arsenic (As) contamination. There could be a blended solution for these problems based on existing situation, constraint, hydrogeology and individual’s economy. Different kinds of filters, reverse osmosis (RO), solar desalination plants (low-cost and small scale) and fuel-powered desalination plants (high-cost and large scale), etc., would be a good solution for mitigation of these problems. Solar PSF and rain water harvesting (RWH) might be an effective solution for some areas, respectively where fresh water and rainfall is abundant. Keywords: Arsenic contamination, salinity intrusion, climate change, pond sand filter, rain water harvesting, desalination, natural disaster

Lee, S.M.; Lee, E.J.; Yoo, H.S., and Lee, M.J., 2020. Analysis of trends in marine water quality using environmental impact assessment monitoring data: a case study of Busan new port. In: Jung, H.-S.; Lee, S.; Ryu, J.-H., and Cui, T. (eds.), Advances in Geospatial Research of Coastal Environments. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 102, pp. 39-46. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Various development projects, including harbor construction, are carried out in coastal areas. In South Korea, the performance of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is legally required for development projects in marine areas to monitor the impacts of these projects on offshore marine environments. National Marine Environmental Measurement Network (NMEMN) data can be used to examine the overall status of the marine environment prior to a development project, but these data are very limited. In contrast, EIA data are collected from a large number of locations over various periods. The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in the coastal marine environment using NMEMN and EIA data collected in 2010–2011 for Busan New Port, where multiple development projects are underway. Use of the combined dataset enabled more effective analysis of trends in marine water quality, including those in dissolved oxygen, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), than did the use of NMEMN data alone. Values increased in the bottom layer, especially in the summer, after port operation had begun. For example, average summer ranges for COD, TN, and TP in the bottom layer in 2000–2005 were 1.41–2.2 mg/L, 0–0 µg/L, and 0–17.62 µg/L, respectively, and those in 2006–2011 were 1.53–3.2 mg/L, 0–281 µg/L, and 8.09–49.35 µg/L, respectively. In the future, data from various sources should be integrated into EIAs to identify not only the impacts of a single project, but also the overall impacts of multiple changes in an area. This method also could be used to provide basic data for continuous management of the marine environment.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) performance has remained of interest, and over the past ten years, the evaluation technique has evolved. Thailand implemented an EIA with a health impact assessment (HIA) as an environmental health impact assessment (EHIA), which necessitated investigating and developing these instruments; however, its implementation performance has been questioned. The main goal of this study is to comparatively assess how well EIAs and EHIAs are performed in projects in an area in Thailand. Six projects in various sectors that were implemented in Eastern Thailand were studied. The 162 residents (nine local authorities and 153 villagers) closest to the project completed a survey and evaluated the performance according to three aspects (i.e., substantive, procedural, and transactive), using a rating scale and evaluation checklists. The results were presented as a percentage of the total scores and interpreted according to the five scales. The overall performance reached a satisfactory level, albeit not significantly different between cases; however, it was pointed out that the shortcomings of EHIAs and EIAs, particularly their dependability, lack of public involvement, and the need for more transparency, could be addressed through the establishment of an open access database, which would help to simplify the assessment of all stages of EIAs and EHIAs.

BackgroundSince the 1960s, environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and recently, social impact assessments (SIAs), have been conducted during the planning stages of large development projects to identify potential adverse effects and propose mitigation measures to ameliorate these impacts. EIAs and SIAs should outline all possible positive and negative effects of a proposed action or development on ecological and social systems, respectively, including biodiversity, flora and fauna, abiotic components (such as air quality), human health, security and wellbeing. The work outlined herein aims to generate a list of all possible direct and indirect effects of metal mining (including gold, iron, copper, nickel, zinc, silver, molybdenum and lead) along with the impacts of mitigation measures proposed, that are mentioned in EIAs and SIAs in Arctic and boreal regions of the following countries/regions: Canada, Alaska (USA), Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia.MethodsWe will conduct searches for environmental and social impact assessments in Swedish and English, and until theoretical saturation is reached (i.e. no new action-impact pathways are identified). We will perform searches of specialist websites (e.g. public repositories of environmental and social impact assessments) and Google Scholar. We will also contact relevant stakeholders (that have been identified in the wider 3MK project https://osf.io/cvh3u/) and make a call for additional information. Eligibility screening will be conducted at two levels: title and full text. Meta-data will be extracted from eligible studies including type of mining activity, location of mine, type of impacts, and planned mitigation measures. Findings will be presented narratively, in a searchable relational database and in an evidence altas (a cartographic map). We will produce a framework of different mining impacts and related mitigation measures from practitioners’ knowledge reflected in EIAs and SIAs. This framework will further form the basis of a multiple knowledge base on mining impacts and mitigation measures generated from different knowledges including scientific, Indigenous, and practitioners’ knowledge.