Abstract
The aim of the study presented in this paper was to formulate operative guidelines for use by planners, architects, educators and administrators. Openings in any building are known to be among the major factors defining the psychological and physical welfare of its occupants and are, therefore, a key element in the planning of educational facilities. Existing norms regarding windows in school buildings in Israel have been adapted from old British standards and many are inappropriate for local climate, new educational needs, and modern building techniques. The following topics were studied: the functions of openings; the influence of external environmental conditions; climatic, daylight and noise conditions; desired environmental norms; and educational trends in Israel. The desired conditions were compared with the results of surveys and analyses of existing conditions in schools and kindergartens. From this comparison, conclusions were reached and planning guidelines formulated.
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