Abstract
Environmental citizenship is a contested concept implying a set of rights and responsibilities arising from the environmental impacts of human actions. Its origins are largely in twentieth‐century environmental movements whose tenets were incorporated into the sustainable development agenda from the 1980s. Environmental citizens can be created by government pro‐environmental behavior change policies; however these approaches have been criticized for seeing environmental citizens only as consumers. Environmental citizenship has relevance to multiple scales of governance beyond the nation‐state, in part because environmental problems are often transnational in nature. Methods of engaging environmental citizens in decision‐making include opinion polling and deliberative processes, but all are criticized for being partial in the way they frame environmental issues and in the kinds of citizens they seek to engage. Recent moves to extend citizenship rights to nonhumans raise significant challenges for working definitions of and ways of engaging with the environmental citizen.
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