Environmental accounting of a waste management system: outcomes from the emergy analysis

Social aspects of the waste management system in Zagreb

Introduction. Control of waste management is a complex process that involves organizational-economic and economic-environmental components that are directly or indirectly related to the production and consumption of products, supply of raw materials, natural resources, related information and financial flows, etc. Transport and logistics occupy a special place among them, because of the specifics of waste as an object of management, as well as related issues of environmental pollution and the impact on the health of the population. Transport-logistics approaches are needed to allow the use of appropriate management levers and instruments aimed at solving a complex issue when production and associated material flows are considered in close connection with the movement of waste generated during production and consumption.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the conceptual approach to the management of transport-logistics processes in the field of responsible waste management on the basis of analysis of economic-ecological and organizational issues, and prospects of its development in Ukraine.
 Results. As a result of the research, it has been determined that reversible logistics is a means of achieving positive ecological-economic efficiency, the feasibility of which, first and foremost, of the transport component is confirmed by the fact that in the long run, Ukraine can significantly reduce the level of environmental pollution caused by the formation and placement of waste, but the volume of emissions in the transport sector will increase. Accordingly, it is necessary to increase the role of goal-setting functions and coordination of actions in the field of waste management; the main goal at the same time is to increase the ecological-economic efficiency of processes associated with transportation, as well as sorting, storage and disposal of household and industrial waste. This principle is the basis for integrating transport-logistics operations into a waste management system, the main elements of which are management functions and associated environmental-economic instruments for influencing waste management processes. The subsystem of ecological management within the framework of the waste management system, in particular, its transport-logistic component, which forms the ecological policy at micro and macro levels, deserves special attention; and is an effective instrument for implementing the concept of motivated liability.
 Conclusions. In the field of waste management, one of the top priorities is the task of increasing the role of transport logistics. Solving the problem of managing transport-logistics processes of responsible waste management is seen in two aspects: integration of the transport-logistics system into the waste management system at the territorial level; creating an economic space for mutually agreed solutions to issues of transportation and other logistics waste operations. This conceptual approach will create competitive conditions for the subjects of environmental-economic activities, which initiate the responsible management of waste in aspects of their transportation, sorting, utilization, etc. in accordance with ISO standards in the areas of waste and transport management and the environmental management system.

Plastic pollution and infectious diseases

Метою статті є дослідження європейської системи управління відходами та ресурсами в контексті наближення національного законодавства до acquis communautaire, виходячи з відповідних загальних і спеціальних принципів.
 Наукова новизна зумовлена тим, що в умовах європейської інтеграції для України актуальним є зміна законодавства та практик у сфері поводження з відходами, модернізація відповідної інфраструктури та підвищення екологічної свідомості громадян. Узагальнено позитивний досвід управління відходами та ресурсами у країнах ЄС, досліджено зміст Директив ЄС у сфері поводження з відходами та ресурсами, наукові публікації з цієї тематики, відзначено, що більшість стандартів ЄС у цій сфері формулюються як принципи системи управління відходами та ресурсами. З’ясовано поняття і зміст категорії «принципи управління відходами», запропоновано їх класифікацію.
 Висновки. На підставі дефініцій «принципи права» та «принципи екологічної політики ЄС» визначено принципи управління відходами та ресурсами як основоположні ідеї та керівні положення, на підставі яких функціонує система управління відходами та ресурсами, вони визначають її загальну спрямованість, мету, цілі та структуру, а також встановлюють методи такого управління.
 Європейська система управління відходами та ресурсами базується на таких загальних принципах екологічної політики ЄС, як принцип сталого розвитку, принцип забруднювач повинен платити, принцип запровадження найкращих доступних технологій, принцип проведення превентивних заходів, принцип стимулювання екологічно чистих технологій та продуктів, принцип єдиної термінології та класифікації, принцип планування та звітності.
 До спеціальних принципів управління відходами та ресурсами можна віднести такі: принцип ієрархії поводження з відходами, який передбачає п’ятиступеневу систему пріоритетів у поводженні з відходами, починаючи з найбажаніших варіантів та закінчуючи небажаними варіантами, що можуть застосовуватися лише після попередніх: запобігання утворенню відходів; підготовка до повторного використання; переробка відходів; рекуперація енергії; ліквідація. Принцип самодостатності – означає створення кожною державою-членом ЄС відповідної інфраструктури, достатньої для утилізації і розміщення всіх відходів, що в ній генеруються. Принцип наближеності – полягає у тому, що збирання, утилізація та ліквідація відходів має здійснюватися якомога ближче до джерела їх утворення. Принцип розширеної відповідальності виробника (фізична чи юридична особа, яка за родом діяльності розвиває, оброблює, має справу, продає чи імпортує товари) – зобов’язання виробника забезпечувати організацію збирання, переробку та утилізацію своєї продукції після її використання, а також проведення інформаційних заходів для споживачів тощо.

Carbon footprint of integrated waste management systems with implications of food waste diversion into the wastewater stream

Life Cycle Inventory Tools: Supporting the Development of Sustainable Solid Waste Management Systems

Effective waste management practices are not all about legislative solutions, but a combination of the environmental, social, technical, technically skilled human resources, financial and technological resources, resource recycling, environmental pollution awareness programmes and public participation. As a result of insufficient resources, municipal solid waste (MSW) in transition and developing countries like Botswana remains a challenge, and it is often not yet given highest priority. In Botswana, the environment, public health and other socio-economic aspects are threatened by waste management practices due to inadequate implementation and enforcement mechanisms of waste management policy. This mini-review paper describes the panorama of waste management practices in Botswana and provides information to competent authorities responsible for waste management and to researchers to develop and implement an effective waste management system. Waste management practices in Botswana are affected by: lack of effective implementation of national waste policy, fragmented tasks and overlapping mandates among relevant institutions; lack of clear guidelines on the responsibilities of the generators and public authorities and on the associated economic incentives; and lack of consistent and comprehensive solid waste management policies; lack of intent by decision-makers to prepare national waste management plans and systems, and design and implement an integrated sustainable municipal solid waste management system. Due to these challenges, there are concerns over the growing trend of the illegal dumping of waste, creating mini dumping sites all over the country, and such actions jeopardize the efforts of lobbying investors and tourism business. Recommendations for concerted efforts are made to support decision makers to re-organize a sustainable waste management system, and this paper provides a reference to other emerging economies in the region and the world.

Industry 4.0 based sustainable circular economy approach for smart waste management system to achieve sustainable development goals: A case study of Indonesia

A multi-floor manufacturing in residential districts of huge city promotes decongestion of urban traffic and satisfy the population’s demand for essential goods. City manufacturing and its supply chain entail several challenges related to the sustainable development of a large agglomeration. Environmental problems impose significant constraints on such manufacturing activities and production waste in the urban environment poses a real problem that needs to be addressed by special research. This paper discusses integrated sustainable production waste management for a city multi-floor manufacturing cluster, consisting of a group of production buildings and a supporting logistics node. In line with the theory of integrated sustainable waste management, three key components are addressed: waste management stakeholders, components of the waste management system, and the technical, environmental and legal aspects of a city multi-floor manufacturing cluster. The goal of the paper is to develop a concept for a model of environmental sustainable waste management in a city multi-floor manufacturing cluster, aimed at ensuring the system safety: human - technical facility - environment. This model can serve as a basis for the development of appropriate logistics chains for production waste management considering their hazardousness indicator. The versatility of the model will allow it to be widely used, and when its stages and working principles are embedded in the practice of city multi-floor manufacturing, proper control over the waste management process can be achieved. The application of the proposed model of integrated sustainable production waste management in the practice of the city multi-floor manufacturing clusters will contribute to the environmental sustainability of its operation.

The appalling state of Liberia’s municipal solid waste management system (MSWM) is the motivation for this review and analysis. Solid waste management protocols and system dynamic modeling support policy development as it uses waste prevention to explain the complex waste management systems and suggests methods for effective management. However, creating an effective waste system goes beyond the formulation of policies and legislation; it involves financial and technological proficiency, skilled human capacity, technical, social, resource recycling, educational awareness programs, and active public participation. Because of urbanization, Liberia’s municipal solid waste (MSW) problems have become heightened, thereby impacting the economic, social, and political fabric of society by overburdening infrastructure and social facilities. The impact of urbanization must be addressed because urbanization, amongst several factors, including unsustainable management of MSW, degrades the environment and presents risks to public health. The purpose of this review was to highlight the current waste management activities in Liberia and provide information to the readers about the challenges facing the waste management sector and the challenges impeding the development of a sustainable waste management system. In Liberia, waste management activities are getting worse daily due to shortage of a comprehensive waste management framework, the absence of guidelines regarding the responsibilities of waste generators, and the decision-makers' lack of intent to design and implement a sustainable and integrated management system. Recommendations for collaborative efforts are made by focusing on delivering a waste strategy which concentrates on waste minimization, recycling, resource recovery, and promoting sustainable waste management practices for communities, small businesses, corporations, and government institutions in Liberia and other developing countries.

The present study was developed to comprehensively analyze experts' views and content of documents focusing on goals and criteria of sustainable waste management system in Tehran, Iran. To this end, the suitable goals for sustainable waste management system in Tehran city were adopted from domestic, national and international documents. For this purpose, 27 national and international documents and 2 domestic documents related to waste management were selected and analyzed by using content analysis according to Gall, 1994. Further, in order to formulate goals in case of bottlenecks and challenges of waste management in Tehran, the focus group technique was used based on Stewart and Shamdasani, 2014. At this stage, 24 key experts in the field of waste management were interviewed in the form of 4 focus groups. Data collection were performed via audio recording and word-for-word implementation of conversations, taking notes and writing field notes. The data collection continued until reaching theoretical saturation. Next, content analysis and coding methods were used to analyze the data. Finally, the goals of waste management were divided into five general categories including: institutional (with emphasis on the integration and inclusion of the key elements of the urban waste management system), technical and infrastructural (with emphasis on the optimization of existing processes in the use of urban waste management technologies), environmental (with emphasis on minimizing the adverse health and environmental effects of the urban waste management system, economic (with emphasis on the economic and financial sustainability of the urban waste management system), and cultural-social (with emphasis on attracting the maximum participation of citizens and service recipients). The results clearly showed that sustainable waste management measures in Tehran should follow these five components in order to reduce the problems caused by unrealistic waste management and make sustainable use of basic, natural, financial and human resources.

Case studies

Sustainable waste management is an important aspect of building an environmentally friendly city. Banyumas, a district in Central Java, Indonesia, has taken steps to implement sustainable waste management towards Banyumas Eco City by implementing the zero waste concept. The Zero Waste concept is not just about recycling but rather a completely transformed resource and waste management system. The aim of this research is to analyze and evaluate the implementation of sustainable waste management in Banyumas, as well as its impact on the environment and local communities. This research methodology uses a qualitative approach. The results of this research show that Banyumas has implemented various strategies for sustainable waste management. One of the steps taken is public education and awareness about the importance of good waste management. Programs such as distributing rubbish bins, campaigns to reduce the use of single-use plastics, and training on organic waste processing have been carried out by local governments and environmental institutions. Apart from that, Banyumas has also developed adequate infrastructure for waste management. This includes the construction of a modern final disposal site (TPA) with adequate sanitation, as well as waste sorting and recycling facilities. Implementation of environmentally friendly technology, such as the use of renewable energy in waste processing, has also been carried out. The impact of implementing sustainable waste management in Banyumas has been seen. Environmental quality has improved, with significant reductions in air and water pollution. Apart from that, local communities also experience economic benefits, such as new job opportunities in the waste management sector.

Purpose: This paper introduces a multi-period, multi-objective model for creating an integrated, sustainable municipal solid waste management supply chain. The model includes source separation and a reward-penalty mechanism, aiming to minimize total system costs, greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental impacts on residential areas. Many countries strive to develop efficient solid waste management systems (SWMS) that handle and dispose of daily waste cost-effectively while maintaining sustainability. These systems include waste sources, collection stations, landfills, incinerators, recycling plants, and a transportation network. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted on existing literature from various studies. Recent studies were used for this systematic review of sustainable municipal solid waste management strategies and practices. Findings: Decision-makers must design or reconfigure a sustainable MSWM to determine the optimal supply chain network for treating and disposing of daily waste effectively. This paper suggests sustainable waste management strategies and practices from various countries, aiming to determine the best number and locations for facilities and optimal waste flow within the system to minimize daily costs. The primary contribution of this review is the theoretical development of sustainable MSWM practices applicable worldwide. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Cooperation between the private and public sectors involved in solid waste management and the circular economy is imperative to ensure the technical, financial, and social sustainability of waste management systems. Large-scale awareness programs on solid waste management and the circular economy should be implemented, focusing on fostering environmentally responsible behaviors and attitudes, promoting sorting, selective collection, and the recovery of materials and energy from waste.

Sustainable waste management was introduced more than ten years ago, but it has not yet been applied to the Thai petrochemical industry. Therefore, under the philosophy of sustainable waste management, this research aims to apply the reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R) concept at the petrochemical factory level to achieve a more sustainable industrial solid waste management system. Three olefin plants in Thailand were surveyed for the case study. The sources and types of waste and existing waste management options were identified. The results indicate that there are four sources of waste generation: (1) production, (2) maintenance, (3) waste treatment, and (4) waste packaging, which correspond to 45.18%, 36.71%, 9.73%, and 8.37% of the waste generated, respectively. From the survey, 59 different types of industrial wastes were generated from the different factory activities. The proposed 3R options could reduce the amount of landfill waste to 79.01% of the amount produced during the survey period; this reduction would occur over a period of 2 years and would result in reduced disposal costs and reduced consumption of natural resources. This study could be used as an example of an improved waste management system in the petrochemical industry.