Entropy and heat capacity of a degenerate Fermi gas in a three-phase system with different spatial dimensions

Abstract

This work is a generalization and further development of the previously proposed theory of spatial transitions of atoms in configurations with the number of spatial dimensions D = 1, 2, 3. Using analytical and numerical methods were obtained relations linking the probabilities of transitions 1 ↔ 3 and 2 ↔ 3 and the average number of atoms in configurations 1, 2 and 3 in the assumption of the existence of only these pairs of spatial configurations, as observed in previously conducted experiments. Also, a similar approach was implemented in the situation with the possible simultaneous existence of all three spatial configurations with the same transitions plus transitions 1 ↔ 2, and also found and the average number of atoms, although the corresponding experiments have not yet been carried out. In the present paper a three-phase system of degenerate fermi-gas in states with spatial dimensions D=1, 2, 3 with possibility of probabilistic transitions from one phase to another is considered. The calculated values of entropy and heat capacity in these phases are significantly different. These phase transitions with a jump change in the heat capacity are thus phase transitions of the 2nd kind.