Entre o rosto e a máscara: identidades e verdades em tensão

The purpose of this article is to analyze the problem of individual religious identity in modern Russian society. The problem to which this article is devoted is the need for a theological and philosophical justification of the religious identity problem as a social phenomenon, an individual property of a person and a type of social and socio-cultural relations. The content and characteristics of religious identity in each of these manifestations can be considered at different levels: social, cultural, family or individual. Religious identity is an important element of an individual's self-identification and self-definition, manifesting itself at both the social and personal levels. Understanding religious identity as an integrated entity is considered as a theoretical and methodological basis for reflecting the content, structure, and qualitative characteristics of religious identity in modern society. The article provides an ontological justification for the of religious identity problem through an analysis of the theological and philosophical understanding of the intellectual phenomenon of the "Social Trinity" (phenomenology of religion, Christian anthropology); it examines the evolution of the idea of the "Social Trinity" as a conceptual justification for this problem using a hermeneutic approach to the ideas of Orthodox theologians Bishop Innocent of Penza and Saratov and Archbishop Innocent of Kherson and Taurida, and Russian religious philosophers N. A. Berdyaev, S. N. Bulgakov, V. I. Nesmelov, and V. S. Solovyov.

Relevance: The article is devoted to the socio-philosophical comprehension of the personal identity problem in the Internet. The situation of our time, characterized by “fluidity,” the variability of self-images, “masks”, has a resemblance to virtual space, which allows the individual to “try on” various social roles. The problem of personal identity requires a socio-philosophical understanding in the modern world. Purpose: to reflect the modern vision of sociologists and philosophers of the concept of personal identity, to identify the main characteristics of personal identity on the Internet. Methods of research: The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the structural and constructivist approach. This approach is based on the conception that identities are the construct of the personality itself, they can be transformed depending on the individual’s choice, while the structure of society is determined by the identities system. The main results: A modern individual can be described as an individual of mass information consumption. The study of modern socio-philosophical works of the concept of personal identity allows us to determine the following characteristics: variability associated with social context; procedural nature; structure planning; reflexivity; categorization; selection. Scientific novelty of the study lies in the author’s position, according to which the key characteristics of personal identity include: variability related to the social context; procedural nature; construction; categorization; choice. Directions for future research: in further research, the problem of personal identity in the conditions of Internet communication will be considered by us in the context of the dichotomies “private-public”, “I-Other”, which will make it possible to understand how personal identity is formed and transformed in the modern Internet.

Introduction and Goal. The process of globalization has shifted the world and a lot of things are changing in the tourism field as well, especially in gastronomic tourism. The food is modifying and the trapeze culture, rituals and attitudes that are one of the characteristics of the nation's identity, are facing extinction. The majority of nations are constantly trying to use the natural, historical and cultural resources to maintain their identity. In this context, it is important to successfully develop the gastronomic tourism capabilities. This process is linked to the recent "gastronomic boom". Based on the topic's relevance, we have tried describe the concept of gastronomic tourism and role of gastronomic tourist in the development of country's economy and culture. Theoretical and methodological basis of the research. The theoretical and methodological basis of this research are the contemporary Georgian and foreign scientific works on gastronomic tourism issues, expert evaluations, materials of international conferences dedicated to gastronomic tourism issues, historical and other sources. Results and Implications. Based on the research we have determined the concept of gastronomic tourism with its various forms. The reflexive moment which is one of the most important points in this area, is very evolving, so the scientific part should show more activity towards the topic of tourism, economics and culture. Conclusions. Understanding the gastronomic tourism as an important tourism business and the study of current events in the global world will help to develop gastronomic culture, maintain the identity of the nation, promote gastronomic tourism and enhance the economy of Georgia

Rural landscape elements reflect lifestyle and cultural awareness of local residents, people can capture the characteristics of cultural identity within the territory clearly; the other hand, people can live their own lives, accurate positioning of space activities, and handle the relationship between culture and nature on the sustainable development of modern town planning and design of great significance. The article is gonging to focus on the local environment and landscape elements to create a small town in the theoretical basis, practice application methods were studied.

In the Law on the National Education System, Government Regulations, and the Strategic Plan of the Directorate General of Secondary Education (Renstra Dirjen Dikmen) 2010-2014, it is explained that education does not only form intelligent Indonesian people, but also has personality/character (cognitive aspects, affective, and psychomotor) must be met. Strengthening the character of students from an early age will make students not only smart, but also tough and have a good attitude as the capital of life. The good and strong character of students will form a strong character and national identity so that they can compete on the global stage. Demoralization problems such as the tradition of Punk children who are far from religious norms, promiscuity, free sex and acts that deviate from religious morals are part of the lives of today's teenagers. With some of these problems, there needs to be a rescue effort in order to save the morality of teenagers, especially students who are still studying in high school / vocational school. This study aims to determine: 1) the concept of character education development, 2) character values developed, and 3) the implementation of character education development in learning activities at SMKN Bandung. The philosophical foundation used is the philosophy of constructivism education. The theoretical basis used is the management theory of George R. Terry. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study design. Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews, participant observation and documentation. After the data is obtained then it is organized, interpreted, analyzed and then concluded. The findings in this study are: 1) the concept of national spirit character education is carried out by involving at least three main elements of education, namely: a) the existence of educational support devices which include policies, guidelines, resources, environment, facilities and infrastructure, togetherness and commitment of stakeholders. b) the intervention of the values of the character of the national spirit into the three components of education in schools which include the learning process, management, and extracurricular activities. c) there is a culture of character education in schools. 2) The values of the character of the national spirit developed at SMKN Bandung include nationalist values and respect for diversity. 3) The implementation of national character education is carried out by incorporating the values of national character into the syllabus and learning device plans. Then the syllabus and lesson plans based on Islamic and national character are implemented in the classroom learning process using the CTL (Contectual Teaching ang Learning) principle, and through extracurricular activities.

The objective of this research was to understand comprehensively the identity of the main character in the novel of by Yann Martel. It was a qualitative research with content analysis conducted in Jakarta, from June to August 2013. The data were collected through comprehensive reading to the novel, some relevant books, and articles review in internet. Then, it was analyzed through the psycho-analysis theory. Since this is a qualitative research and the researcher himself is the instrument, most of activities were conducted by the study of literature. It was done by tracing relevant data in novels which showed the developmental phases of the main character from childhood to his teenage in order to know his personality, conflicts, the factors which affect the search for identity, and the efforts made by the main character in his search of identity. Results of this research showed that the main character in the novel Life of Pi by Yann Martel is extrovert, intelligent, earnest and energetic. He is a devout adherent of three religions: Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam. He is also a lecturer at the University of Toronto, and an animal lover.

Expressions of guilt and remorse through the use of recurring codes in Die buiteveld by John Miles The novel “Die Buiteveld” by John Miles is an unusual novel. The main character is an enigma as from the start the reader has doubts about him and is in doubt of the truth. The aim of this article is to determine how recurring codes are used to express guilt and remorse. The analysis shows how suspense gradually increases through the repetitive use of certain codes. Through most of the story the reader is in doubt about the true identity of the main character and in this way further suspense is created. Guilt and admission of guilt are suggested by the repetion of different codes. The reader remains ignorant of the true identity of the main character until the end of the story. This causes suspense. Guilt and reconciliation are intensified by recurring codes. These codes are pillories, paintings by Goya, references to different wars, photos, physical scars and a knife. Through the woman Isabel the main character is guided to disclose his past gradually. As the case in the layers of the Goya portrait more and more of his past is gradually disclosed. His admission of guilt leads to the possibility of returning to his home country and of living a new life there with his beloved Isabel. The reader becomes not only a consumer but also a producer of the text.

The problem of personal identity in the modern world is becoming increasingly important due to the increasing number of statuses and roles of the individual, which in recent decades have completely changed and are no longer fixed. One of the potential risks of personal identity disorders is drug addiction, which is one of the most acute problems of our time, the problem of which has reached catastrophic proportions. The peculiarities of the personal identity of persons addicted to psychoactive substances are now increasingly in the focus of researchers. The use of psychoactive substances forms an addictive identity, because of which a person relates himself only to his own role-playing, often illusory characteristics, losing a deep understanding of his own “Self”. Violation of the formation of identity, in turn, acts as a factor in the development of addictive behaviour. The article presents the results of a study of personal identity in people with drug addiction (opium addiction). The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the concept of ego-identity E. Erickson and J. Marcia's concept of the statuses of his identity. We used techniques to diagnose personal identity "Who am I?" M. Kuna, T. McPartland in the modification of T.V. Rumyantseva and the method "Diagnosis of interpersonal relationships" (T. Leary). The study sample consisted of 102 male patients with drug addiction (opium addiction) aged 18-26 years, and 54 healthy males aged 18-27 years without signs of somatic, mental pathology and drug addiction. Research and analysis of personal identification characteristics of drug addicts shows that personal identity is characterized by internal consistency, blurring and inconsistency of the image of "Self", formed due to superficial and weak differentiation awareness of one's own "Self"; personal identity is characterized by blurring and unformed boundaries of one's own "Self", namely the adhesion of aspects of "Self" - Real and "Self" - ideal, which determines the deformation of personal identity and value-motivational sphere of the drug addict; characterized by polymorphic structure of "Self", the difficulty of self-identification and the inability to distinguish "ideal" aspects of personality from the real, which contributes to the formation of diffuse status of personal identity, supporting the process of negative transformation into addictive identity and characterized by awareness of drug addiction.

Problem Adventists have been inconsistent in dealing with inequality and injustice in society, swaying between silence, accommodation, positional statements, and direct advocacy approaches. Although advocacy has become more prominent among Adventist thinkers since the end of the twentieth century, there is a lack of empirical data which answer questions related to contemporary Adventists' beliefs and practices in relation to advocacy in the context of mission. Concomitantly, there does not yet exist a documented or articulated Adventist missiological perspective on advocacy. Research Questions (1) What part, if any, has biblically-based social advocacy played in Adventist mission history? and (2) What do contemporary Adventists believe and practice about social justice advocacy? Method This dissertation starts by laying the theoretical and theological basis for addressing the problem. It then looks into Adventist mission literature, particularly the legacy of Ana and Ferdinand Stahl, to find the role advocacy has played in Adventist mission history. The field research applies a mixed-method. The quantitative method consists in the collection of beliefs and practices regarding advocacy from a sample of 260 Adventist students and faculty from Andrews University by using an online survey. The qualitative method includes interviews with 10 Adventist scholars and administrators (4 from Andrews, 1 from Oakwood, 1 from La Sierra, 1 from Loma Linda, 1 from Washington, 4 from the General Conference and its Divisions) and 2 PhD students. The questionnaires combined a series of closed and open-ended questions. Prior to the actual survey research, I tested the method with 33 seminary students (30 online questionnaires, 3 interviews). Findings Seventh-day Adventists have traditionally viewed evangelism and social ministry as two separate components of the Church's mission with evangelism having the upper hand. Nevertheless, there have been exceptions such as the experience of the missionary couple Anna and Ferdinand Stahl who integrated evangelism and social activism. However, overall, the research participants expressed favorable views about advocacy and would like to see the Adventist Church become more engaged in social justice advocacy as a significant element in its outreach to the world. Those views are representative of younger church members (18–34 years old) and highly educated, older members, but not of most of the Church, which is, in fact, made of mostly older members (around 50 years old). The higher age groups in the sample, quite small in number, are somewhat skewed towards higher education (Masters or doctorates), which correlates with more progressive views. Only one demographic response was found to influence views on social justice advocacy: Non-Whites are significantly different from Whites on "How often should Adventist Pastors advocate for social justice from the pulpit?" Non-White respondents want to see pastors advocate for social justice from the pulpit more often than their White counterparts. Conclusion and recommendation A careful study of three fundamental characteristics of the Adventist identity and message—the Sabbath in the context of Isa 58, the Three Angels' messages in the context of Rev 14, and the Second Coming as expounded in Matt 24–26—reveals that Adventists have been called to be a prophetic movement and a repairer of breaches. As such, Adventists are by nature "prophetic evangelists," as exemplified by the life and ministry of Ana and Ferdinand Stahl. The dissertation recommends that Seventh-day Adventists critique, serve, intercede, and influence. In so doing, they will be guided by three basic commitments: commitment to Scripture, commitment to peacemaking, and commitment to human flourishing.

Ethnic identity is a system of the individual’s representations and attitudes concerning his/her ethnic group. The learning process positively affects interethnic interaction and promotes the mutual acceptance of ethnic groups. The Komi-Perm people lose their ethnic identity because of the desire to belong to a wider or more attractive socio-ethnic group. The paper attempts the following: (a) to present the study of ethnic identity and ethnoaffiliative motives in Komi-Perm and Russian students; (b) to examine ethnic identity dynamics in Komi-Perm and Russian students in the learning process; (c) to analyze the joint effect of factors of ethnos, stage of training, and gender. Works of G. U. Soldatova, T. G. Stefanenko, and V. Yu. Khotinets in the field of ethnic identity provided the theoretical and methodological basis for this study. The participants comprised 273 junior and senior students. The “Types of Ethnic Identity” questionnaire (G. U. Soldatova, S. V. Ryzhova) was applied to examine the characteristics of ethnic identity. Statistical methods included comparative analysis, t-test, and variance analysis.The study findings suggest that negative characteristics of ethnic identity decrease in Komi-Perm and Russian students in the joint learning process. Gender differences in ethnopsychological characteristics were manifested in the fact that women had higher rates of a positive ethnic identity. The results are of applied value for forming positive interethnic relations and identity.

The article presents an overview of the ideas of the authors developing a spatial (topological) approach to the analysis of religious identity. The authors point out the need to form a reliable theoretical and methodological basis for the selection of attributes of space, religious landscapes, directly or indirectly mediating the characteristics of the religious identity of the population. The purpose of the review material is to search for methodological grounds for a topographical analysis of the social space in which the religious identity of the population is being formed, and to identify the attributes of this space that are subject to operationalization, sociological survey and further mapping. The article presents an overview of the parameters of religious landscapes and institutional elements of space considered in the scientific literature, marking the religious identity of the population of communities. The issue of classification of new religions and modern forms of religious identity is indicated as a debatable one.

The article focuses on the comparative analysis of Margaret Atwood's 1985 novel and Bruce Miller's (2017) TV adaptation of The Handmaid's Tale. Special attention in the paper is given to the construction of the main character's identity in the respective media, most particularly the fact that in the Hulu series (2017-2022) the main character is depicted as a modern feminist activist constantly offering resistance to repressive ideology, unlike in the novel in which her new identity completely erases memories of prior existence and is compliant with inhuman treatment in Gilead. Just like Atwood, Miller applies the strategy of the interior monologue and intensifies its impact by using voice-over narration and italic subtitles that turn the audience into a secret confidante and willing ally in the main character's struggle against repressive heteronormative and misogynist rules. This thought-provoking platform of expression is purposefully used by Miller in order to emphasize the importance of storytelling as a subversive act of resistance. With the help of Atwood herself, who has been collaborating with the series cast, producers, and director in screenwriting, this TV adaptation draws attention to contemporary issues of political conflicts, sexual slavery, war, toxic pollution, poverty, LGBTQ, women's rights, as well as the need to address these issues and ultimately influence a long-craved social reform. The theoretical framework of the research relies on the concepts of transmedial narratology as elaborated by Thon (2015, 2016), Ryan (2014), Rajewski (2005), Gobyn (2019) and others.

В статье рассматривается проблема лингвистической интеграции русского населения в национальных республиках Российской Федерации на основе данных Всероссийских переписей 2002, 2010 и 2020 гг. Предлагается новый взгляд на феномен лингвистической интеграции, фокусируясь на процессе освоения русским населением государственных языков национальных республик. Подчеркивается, что такой подход позволяет выйти за рамки понимания лингвистической интеграции как сугубо прикладного адаптационного процесса, характерного для мигрантов, и рассматривать ее как фактор формирования культурной идентичности и ментальных особенностей носителей языка. Теоретико-методологическую основу исследования составляет комплексный анализ статистических данных переписей в сочетании с качественной интерпретацией результатов с учетом социолингвистических, этнодемографических и исторических факторов. Сочетание количественных и качественных методов позволяет получить многомерную картину лингвистической интеграции русских в национальных республиках и выявить ее региональные особенности. Выявлены основные количественные параметры владения русским населением титульными языками республик, прослеживается динамика этих показателей на протяжении двух десятилетий, проводится сопоставительный анализ по разным регионам. Результаты исследования демонстрируют значительную вариативность уровня лингвистической интеграции русских в разных республиках, которая лишь отчасти коррелирует с долей русского населения и динамикой его численности. Делается вывод о том, что на лингвистическую интеграцию русского населения в национальных республиках влияет комплекс факторов, включающий особенности этнодемографической структуры, степень урбанизации, характер языковой ситуации, языковую политику в регионах и т. д. Показано, что высокий уровень владения русскими титульным языком характерен для республик с относительно небольшой долей русского населения и высокой степенью его вовлеченности в межэтническое взаимодействие. В большинстве республик уровень владения русскими титульными языками остается стабильно низким, однако в некоторых регионах (Чечня, Тыва) отмечается заметный рост соответствующих показателей. Эти данные свидетельствуют о потенциале лингвистической интеграции русского населения в определенных социокультурных условиях и необходимости дифференцированного подхода к языковой политике в разных регионах России. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для совершенствования государственной языковой политики и оптимизации межэтнических отношений в полиэтничных регионах России. Перспективы дальнейших исследований связываются с более глубоким изучением различных аспектов языкового взаимодействия русского населения с титульными народами республик РФ. The article considers the problem of linguistic integration of the Russian population in the national republics of the Russian Federation based on the data of the all-Russian censuses of 2002, 2010, and 2020. A new perspective on the phenomenon of linguistic integration is proposed, focusing on the process of mastering the state languages of the national republics of the Russian population. It is emphasized that this approach allows us to go beyond the understanding of linguistic integration as a purely applied adaptation process characteristic of migrants and to consider it as a factor in the formation of cultural identity and mental characteristics of native speakers. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is a comprehensive analysis of statistical data from censuses in combination with a qualitative interpretation of the results, taking into account sociolinguistic, ethno-demographic, and historical factors. The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods makes it possible to obtain a multidimensional picture of the linguistic integration of Russians in the national republics and to identify their regional characteristics. The most important quantitative parameters of the Russian population’s mastery of the republics’ title languages are shown, the dynamics of these indicators are traced over two decades, and comparative analyses are carried out for different regions. The study results show that the degree of linguistic integration of Russians in different republics is very different, which only partially correlates with the proportion of the Russian population and the dynamics of their numbers. It is concluded that the linguistic integration of the Russian population in the national republics is influenced by a complex of factors, including the peculiarities of the ethno-demographic structure, the degree of urbanization, the nature of the language situation, the language policy in the regions, etc. It turns out that a high level of proficiency in Russian in the titular language is characteristic of republics with a relatively small share of the Russian population and a high degree of participation in interethnic interactions. In most republics, the level of Russian proficiency in the titular languages remains consistently low, but in some regions (Chechnya and Tyva), there has been a significant increase in the corresponding indicators. These data show the potential for the linguistic integration of the Russian population under certain socio-cultural conditions and the need for a differentiated approach to language policy in various regions of Russia. The results obtained can be used to improve state language policy and optimize interethnic relations in the multiethnic regions of Russia. The prospects for further research are connected with a deeper study of the various aspects of linguistic interaction between the Russian population and the titular peoples of the republics of the Russian Federation.

The article examines the impact of the identity factor on the development of major Siberian agglomerations. The distinctiveness of Siberian megacities offers academic interest, particularly in ascertaining the unique features of the agglomeration identity in Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk. A review of the theoretical basis of the study reveals a substantial number of publications in both foreign and Russian academic literature concerning the formation, dynamics and potential of urban agglomerations, with a particular emphasis on urban identity as a crucial factor in their development. However, there is a noticeable lack of research addressing the specific characteristics of agglomeration functioning based on cultural, territorial, local, ethnic, and confessional distinctions. The article appeals to the results of an expert survey, conducted among local researchers specializing in identity politics from three Siberian regions. The method of collecting information was utilized during an expert survey in the form of unstructured interviews, while discourse analysis was employed for processing the obtained primary data. To discern the features of identity politics within the Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk agglomerations, the paper compares experts’ responses to identical questions, leading the author to relevant conclusions. The process of urban agglomeration formation in modern states is a natural one, therefore it is necessary to form a legislative framework, which is currently lacking in Russia. In the absence of official status for urban agglomerations, cultivating a corresponding identity becomes challenging, potentially impacting their successful development.

In 2009, the French government launched a national debate to define French national identity. The people, as well as experts and intellectuals, responded to this initiative in many ways. The discussions often led to determining who belonged to the national community and who did not. Hence, descendants of immigrants often became a target in the debate. Didier Daeninckx, a well-known writer who often intervenes in the public sphere, published a short novel entitled Galadio (2010) as a response to the debate imposed by the government. It tells the story of a young man in 1930s Germany whose father, a tirailleur sénégalais, met his mother, a German, during the 1920s when French colonial troops were stationed in the Ruhr region to pressure Germany to honour the Treaty of Versailles. This analysis seeks to assess what this literary piece adds to the debate by focusing on its complex conception of identity. The form of the historical novel allows Daeninckx to remind us of the participation of the African colonies in both WWI and WWII. The main character's identity is also multidimensional, which is essential to the novel's effort to avoid simple definitions of national identity unambiguously tied to nationality. Finally, following a protagonist who has strong ties to Germany, colonial West Africa and France allows for a geographical and temporal displacement necessary for the allegory mechanism to function and for its meaningfulness to become obvious in 2010.