Enterococcus hirae‐Mediated ZnO and CuO/ZnO Nanoparticles: Synergistic Antimicrobial Combinations Against MDR Pathogens

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and photocatalytic activity of green synthesized ZnO-NPs from Myrica esculenta fruits extract

Recently nanotechnology, as an important area of scientific research, has a considerable growth in numerous fields. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by using plants and microorganisms has received significant attention due to the growing need to develop environmental technologies in nanoparticle synthesis. The green synthesis of nanoparticles is safe for humans and the environment due to lack of pollution. Plants can act as both stabilizing and reducing agents for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (MO NPs). The research aim is an illustration of a novel method for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Achillea Nobilis extract. The crystalline structure and morphology of nanoparticles were studied using characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared analysis, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy studies, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope methods. The antioxidant activities of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs were evaluated using DPPH assays. Antibacterial activities of nanoparticles were tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria using the microdilution method. The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between MO NPs resistance and against bacteria.

Larvicidal activity of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi mosquito vectors-a greener approach by Phaseolus vulgaris L. aqueous extract as bio-reductant

Design, fabrication, antitubercular, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant study of silver doped ZnO and CuO nano candidates: A comparative pharmacological study

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Catharanthus pusillus: Characterization, antibacterial, cytotoxicity of A549 cells, and photocatalytic degradation of Eosin (E) dye

Nanoparticles, smaller than 100 nm are synthesized by chemical and physical methods. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles is very popular in science recently. The aim of the study is green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the lichen extract (Ramalina fraxinea) and investigating the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY-5Y). Despite the widespread use of ZnO NPs, a limited number of studies have investigated the neurobiological effects of ZnO NP. Therefore, we tested the neurotoxic effect of green synthesized ZnO NPs administration and its neuroprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. The absorbance peak of the ZnO NPs was detected by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) at 330 nm. The average diameter of ZnO NPs was measured as about 21 nm by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) images. According to X-ray Diffraction (XRD) diagram, ZnO NPs were hexagonal in structure. The peaks observed in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) test showed functional groups in the structure of the nanoparticles. According to our results, ZnO NPs may have beneficial effects at the low concentrations while neurotoxic effects at the higher doses in SH-SY5Y. In addition, we indicate that hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death could not reverse by ZnO NPs and its higher doses potentiated the neurodegenerative effect of hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, here we report that ZnO NPs, widely used in various products, may have beneficial or harmful effects in a dose-dependent manner and play a role in neuropsychiatric disease, especially neurodegenerative diseases. This is the first study dealing with neurotoxicity on SHSY-5Y of Ramalina fraxinea extract based ZnO NPs.

Photocatalytic activity and anti-microbial application of synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO Nps) towards remediation of hospital waste water (HWW)

Comparative study of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized through biogenic and chemical route with reference to antibacterial, antibiofilm and anticancer activities

Multifaceted applications of chitosan-L-ornithine modified ZnO nanoparticles: Antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials

Facile green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by Eucalyptus globulus and their photocatalytic and antioxidant activity

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using novel bacterium strain (Bacillus subtilis NH1-8) and their in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Salmonellatyphimurium

Bio-inspired zinc oxide nanoparticles are gaining immense interest due to their safety, low cost, biocompatibility, and broad biological properties. In recent years, much research has been focused on plant-based nanoparticles, mainly for their eco-friendly, facile, and non-toxic character. Hence, the current study emphasized a bottom-up synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Psidium guajava aqueous leaf extract and evaluation of its biological properties. The structural characteristic features of biosynthesized ZnO NPs were confirmed using various analytical methods, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited ahydrodynamic shape with an average particle size of 11.6-80.2nm. A significant antimicrobial efficiency with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 40 and 27µg/ml for Enterococcus faecalis, followed by 30 and 40µg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, 20 and 30µg/ml for Staphylococcus mutans, 30µg/ml for Candida albicans was observed by ZnO NPs. Additionally, they showed significant breakdown of biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans indicating their future value in drug-resistance research. Furthermore, an excellent dose-dependent activity of antioxidant property was noticed with an IC50 of 9.89µg/ml. The antiproliferative potential of the ZnO NPs was indicated by the viability of MDA MB 231 cells, which showed adrastic decrease in response to increased concentrations of biosynthesized ZnO NPs. Thus, the present results open up vistas to explore their pharmaceutical potential for the development of targeted anticancer drugs in the future.

Novel synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their enhanced anticancer activity: Role of ZnO as a drug carrier

Water pollution, arising from the presence of toxic dyes and chemicals, is a global challenge, urging the need for eco-friendly solutions in water decontamination. This study focused on the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and a bimetallic CuO-ZnO nanocomposite (CZ NC) through an environmentally friendly method employing Tragia involucrata L. leaf extract. Comprehensive analysis of structural and optical properties involved using various analytical techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, XPS, UV-DRS, PL, FE-SEM, EDAX, TEM, SAED, zeta potential, TGA, and BET. In comparison to pristine CuO and ZnO NPs, the CZ-NC demonstrated notably enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of Rhodamine B dye (RhB). The optimum conditions for RhB degradation were found to be a pH of 9 and a catalyst dosage of 1 mg/mL for a concentration of 10 ppm. Under these conditions, CuO NPs, ZnO NPs, and CZ-NC demonstrated high efficiencies of 78%, 83%, and 96.1% respectively over 105 min. Through LC-HRMS, the identification of degradation products offered valuable insights into the pathway of photocatalytic degradation. Furthermore, toxicity analysis of intermediates, conducted through ECOSAR software, indicated the formation of non-toxic by-products (ChV/LC50/EC50 > 100) after the completion of the reaction. Furthermore, the recycled catalysts exhibited sustained stability for up to 4 cycles, with only a minor decrease in activity of up to 6.8%. This confirms their catalytic efficacy in purifying polluted water. This research significantly contributes to the progress of environmentally friendly nanocomposites, enhancing their efficacy in the realm of environmental remediation.

The present study investigated the cytotoxic effects of ZnO, CuO, and mixed combinations of them on SH-SY5Y cells. For this purpose, the cells were exposed to various concentrations of these NPs alone for 24–96 h and as a mixture for 24 h. Variations in cell viability were noted. MTT results showed that ZnO and/or CuO NPs decreased cell survival by about 59% at 200 (ZnO, at 24 h) and 800 µg/ml (ZnO and/or CuO, at 72 and 96 h). When the NR assay was used, slight decreases were noted with ZnO NPs at 72 and 96 h. With CuO NPs alone and NPs in a mixture, only the highest concentrations caused 40 and 70% decreases in cell survival, respectively. Especially with NR assays, DTPA, NAC, or taurine provided marked protection. ROS levels were increased with the highest concentration of CuO NPs and with all concentrations of the mixture. The highest concentration of ZnO NPs and the lowest concentration of CuO NPs caused slight decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential levels. Additionally, increases were noted in caspase 3/7 levels with ZnO and CuO NPs alone or with a mixture of them. Intracellular calcium levels were decreased in this system. These findings demonstrated that ZnO and CuO NPs, either separately or in combination, had a modest cytotoxic effect on SH-SY5Y cells. Protection obtained with DTPA, NAC, or taurine against the cytotoxicity of these NPs and the ROS-inducing effect of CuO NPs and the NPs’ mixture suggests that oxidative stress might be involved in the cytotoxicity mechanisms of these NPs.