Ensino-Aprendizagem on-line de inglês para/na Terceira Idade:

Motivation is widely seen as the main factor of second language learning process. The major goal of this study is to find demotivators that impede non-English major learners’ second language learning. This paper took non-English major undergraduates in Colleges of science and engineering as the experimental objects, and conducted a survey on 250 students by a combination of interviews and questionnaires. The study found 6 main factors that contribute to non-English majors’ English learning demotivation in Colleges of science and engineering: English learning ability, value, influence of important others, negative attitude towards second language learning, the mandatory nature of second language learning and influence of teaching content. In order to further study the changing trend of demotivators of non-English majors, learners of different grades were identified and analyzed. Learners of different phases can be divided into junior learners and senior learners on the basis of their grades. Freshmen and sophomores were classified into junior learners, and juniors and seniors were classified into senior learners. Generally, the results showed no significant difference between the two stage learners except for English learning ability and professional work and future expectations. Junior learners were more demotivated by English learning ability while senior learners were more affected by professional work and future expectations.

The article focuses on the development of learning strategies during the process of foreign language learning. With the obvious implementation of cognitive learning strategies, the development of other types of strategies, metacognitive and socio-affective, remains an urgent issue. Very often these latter strategies are either disregarded or dismissed during the language learning process. However, recent studies have pointed out the necessity for the development of all types of learning strategies and their implementation at an early stage of learning. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the scope of the development of metacognitive and socio-affective learning strategies during the process of foreign language learning. Quantitative and qualitative methods have been used to determine the frequency and mode of the above-mentioned types of learning strategies during the process of teaching and learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Two hypotheses have been raised: (1) Metacognitive strategies are often disregarded in the process of language learning in the classes for adolescents; (2) The potential of implementation of socio-affective strategies in EFL classes is underestimated in the process of language learning in the classes for adolescents. The object of the research consists of 12 selected EFL textbooks and activities included in them. The research results prove the fact that much more attention to metacognitive learning strategy development is needed during EFL classes, as these strategies strongly benefit the overall process of language acquisition. To compare, socio-affective learning strategies are more often implemented during EFL classes; however, their development is rather unsystematic.

The concept of learner autonomy in the field of foreign language learning was clearly articulated in the 1979 report prepared by Holec for the Council of Europe. The learner autonomy aims at providing language learners with the ability to take on more responsibility for their own learning. In addition, students may make decisions by themselves about what and how they should learn. On the other hand, traditionalists assert that providing autonomy to learners will cause teachers to lose their control over the class. In this review, the concept of learner autonomy in language learning has been explained from different aspects. Afterwards, the necessary clues regarding how to support the development of learner autonomy in language learning process are given and the characteristics of autonomous learners are presented. In addition, the ways recommended to promote the learner autonomy are discussed and the roles of both teachers and learners in developing of autonomy are mentioned.

Integrating technology as a teaching media in language learning has been widely promoted by teaching practitioners. Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) is among the most popular approaches used in EFL classrooms and has been reported in some studies to be beneficial in supporting students’ language learning process. This study aimed to determine whether employing MALL through the Hello English (HE) application as a teaching media could significantly affect the mastery of vocabulary of eighth grade students in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Junior High School ( JHS) classroom. Using a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, this study presented the numerical data collected through a multiple-choice test. In analyzing the data, t-tests were employed with a 5% (0.05) significance level using the SPSS statistical test tools v.20. According to the results, the HE application had a significant effect on the students’ mastery of the vocabulary, and so it is recommended that the HE application be used as a tool in the English language teaching and learning process.
 Keywords: Hello English appl MALL, vocabulary mastery, junior high school, EFL

The Douglas Fir Group Framework as a Resource Map for Language Teacher Education

<p>In the new era, several changes occurred in language teaching and learning. Some educators employ traditional classrooms, while others use online learning and blended learning. This study aimed to investigate students' preferences and perceptions about language teaching and learning. This study utilizes a qualitative design and involves 80 students from the English Education Department of the State Islamic University of North Sumatra. The students were given a closed-ended questionnaire to evaluate their preferences for the language teaching and learning process. The researcher then interviewed various students to learn about their thoughts on the language teaching and learning process. The students were selected based on their questionnaire responses. The percentages were used to analyze the questionnaire data, while thematic content analysis was used to analyze the interview data. The questionnaire results showed that 40% of students preferred face-to-face classrooms, 30% chose online learning, and 30% chose blended learning. In the interview, students stated that face-to-face, online, and blended learning positively impacted their language learning, though they also had negative perceptions of online learning. This study suggests that the teachers use in-person meetings because most students have positive perceptions of the implementation of face-to-face in EFL classrooms.</p>

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate an L2 learner’s motivation during his involvement in language learning. Specifically, it was sought to conceptualize the (de)motives that might have an impact on the participant’s language learning process and to reconceptualize, in this sense, the process above referring to the Activity Theory (AT). To this end, this study attempted to examine whether there were any changes in his motivation within the framework of AT. The scrutiny of data revealed that the changes stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative influence on Ahmet’s language learning process. Although he was relatively motivated as he started as a language learner, the new changes he had to adapt to amidst the outbreak externally affected his learning experiences, leading to demotivation. The present paper argues how this change can be captured by referring to Engeström’s (1999, 2009) triangle model. Further discussions andimplications are provided in the study.

This study aims to determine the role of technology in improving the quality of language teaching at SMAN 1 Jaanapria. This type of research is quantitative and qualitative research. The research method used combines qualitative and quantitative methods (mix methods). The data obtained from this study were from interviews and observations and data obtained from questionnaires/questionnaires. There are two elements studied in the data analysis: the element of student learning motivation and the element of the role of technology in language learning. From the discussion, it can be concluded that the student's learning motivation in class averages 65.5%, meaning that students at SMAN 1 Janapria on average often pay attention to teachers in class. Besides that, students also desire to solve problems and discuss them with others. Other students for the learning process. While the role of language learning technology is an average of 56.3%, meaning that students and educators, especially teachers, sometimes use technology in the language learning process. Students think technology is needed to support the language teaching and learning process in the classroom.

Motivation has been demonstrated to be an important affective factor in language learning process and its importance has led to the emergence of diverse research perspectives in both foreign and second language learning contexts. In addition to the research studies investigating language learning motivation of learners, review studies presenting the picture of how and in what ways this phenomenon has been studied as a research focus make a significant contribution to the understanding of it. Based on this, this study aims to scrutinize how English as a foreign language (EFL) motivation has been studied as a research matter in Turkish context. Aims of the studies, the participant groups and contexts, research methodologies, motivational frameworks followed and major findings were examined to find out the general trends in EFL motivation research. For these purposes, 14 research studies and nine master’s thesis and doctoral dissertations in the last 10-year period were selected based on certain criteria, and they were systematically analyzed in the light of the research questions. The findings showed that motivational research in Turkish EFL context mainly concentrate on university context, and some of the findings related to motivational orientations of Turkish EFL learners are inconsistent and need more investigation.

PurposeThis research shows how social media has affected learning at present during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it has become the largest and most convenient area of communication. In the current scenario, it seems that social networking sites not only had a profound impact on our social structure and intra-social interaction, but also affected education in general and learning English language in particular. It has been proven that these various social media platforms have created a realm of digital environment in today's new-age learning. Social media platforms are social networking sites through which people interact and communicate with each other easily and conveniently. Undoubtedly and unquestionably, social networking has been proven to be a global phenomenon that has caused a vast paradigm shift in the world of Learning and education during the current pandemic. Therefore, the present study aims to reach the extent of the impact of the various social media platforms on learning English language during the COVID-19 pandemic from the students' point of view.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted at the undergraduate level for English language learners. The sample comprised 166 undergraduate students at Najran University. A survey questionnaire was administered to find out the impact of various social media platforms and social networking sites on learning English language in the academic year of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to highlight possible suggestions for improving future virtual language learning.FindingsThe findings of the study contributed to the area of online learning of English language during the COVID-19 pandemic. Final results confirmed that the utilization of social media has been significantly perceived to have positively impacted learning English language in terms of writing style, reading skills, listening and lexical variation, communication skills and grammar usage.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study can serve as fundamental indicators to implement prompt pedagogical reformations, for which a number of pedagogical implications can be proposed. Another equally important pedagogical implication is to design and provide professional development and training sessions to both students and educators on the ultimate utilization of social media as instructional technologies in the context of English language teaching and learning.Originality/valueThis research provides insights in developing policies to assist with the integration and utilization of social media platforms as instructional technologies in the context of English language teaching and learning and how institutions can respond to the advent of advancing technology, especially during and after the COVID-19 era. A model to improve online English language learning process is recommended as a guideline for all educators offering online learning.

The adoption of online learning is one indication of increased technological empowerment in education. Teachers apply online learning to achieve learning goals even at a distance. However, the implementation of online learning falls short of educators' expectations. This study aimed to discover the perceptions of eleventh-grade students at SMA Taman Mulia and the challenges they confront during online English language teaching and learning. This study used an online survey to collect the data. From the data, 61% of students negatively perceived online English learning whereas 57% of students agreed that materials become harder to understand during online English language teaching and learning. Meanwhile, students gave positive perceptions regarding assignments and the teacher's explanations. The study also found that most students faced challenges such as incomprehension, lack of vocabulary and fluency, lack of communication, unmotivated, limited time, and low signal and internet quota. Therefore, it is clear that online English language teaching and learning require more focus in terms of both materials’ delivery and students’ challenges, particularly those related to understanding.

<p>In today’s era of ubiquitous learning research, various studies have investigated the transformation of ubiquitous learning in multiple aspects. However, most of these research mainly focus on the study of ubiquitous learning environment. Limited review is on the configuration and components of ubiquitous learning focusing on the interaction process in language learning. Hence, this research performed literature analysis for ubiquitous language learning environment whereby it intends at providing specific information about ubiquitous learning concepts and the criteria that needed in the future research focusing on language learning. It begins by briefly describing the concept of ubiquitous learning environment, language learning skills and the importance of vocabulary learning and then on adult language learning. Finally, ubiquitous learning applications for multiple types of language learning are also compared and discussed to further enhance the understanding of ubiquitous language learning environment. Therefore, it is important to have a medium that can be used to improve language learning process to be more interactive. The result will also become a reference point to assist development of ubiquitous language learning applications.</p>

In recent years, the role of technology in language classrooms has grown in importance. Due to recent developments in the education sector, technology-enhanced language learning (TELL) has come into the spotlight. Previous studies have shown that technology encourages both instructors and students to take an active role in the language learning process. In light of the widespread adoption and enabling power of immersive technologies and the potential applications of TELL, it is imperative that the literature be continuously investigated to identify the types and tendencies of recent studies in order to understand current practises and guide future research in the field with two research questions; RQ1: What are the trends and practices of TELL in language teaching and learning? and RQ2: What are the research methodologies employed in TELL studies? This review carefully examines the overall research trends and practises in language education in order to chart the development of TELL during the past few years. Out of 87 publications found in 2020–2022, 17 were selected using exclusion and inclusion criteria from Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. Using five codes obtained from previous systematic reviews, we performed an analysis and synthesis of these publications. The codes are: 1) aim, 2) methodology, 3) sample, 4) country, and 5) outcomes. The bulk of the studies used a quantitative research technique to look into TELL trends and practises in language teaching and learning, and the systematic review found that TELL was more widespread in universities than in other types of schools, with the lowest occurrence seen in primary schools. In light of these findings, suggestions for more investigation were made. Academicians are urged to broaden the scope of future study and include students from all levels of education in future TELL practises in order to better understand TELL's usage in language teaching and learning.

Vietnamese American Experiences of English Language Learning: Ethnic Acceptance and Prejudice

The article deals with the analysis of using distance learning materials from different disciplines, which are placed on the Ukrainian and foreign platforms of massive open online courses for teaching students of Ukrainian higher education institutions (HEIs), as well as improving the skills of the staff; it offers the variants of including these educational materials in the process of studying different disciplines by students of the Ukrainian higher education institutions; the experience of using online courses in teaching English to students of all areas of preparation at Lviv Polytechnic National University is described. It is perspective to implement blended learning at the educational institutions of Ukraine using the Lingva. Skills online platform. This free of charge English language learning project was launched in our country in May 2016. The authors of this article have started using online courses (as supplementary educational materials) of Lingva. Skills – a Ukrainian platform of massive open online English language courses. They offer to the students of Lviv Polytechnic National University some blended learning, which involves studying more complex material during class sessions, and as well remotely using the materials of the above mentioned platforms with the prospect of their inclusion in the English language learning process by students of Ukrainian HEIs. Using Lingva. Skills at the classes are held for the first year students of liberal and technical specialties. The fourth year students of the economical specialties are offered the choice of the online business English courses available on the Coursera and Prometeus platforms. The inclusion of the above-mentioned online courses in the educational process of the Departments of Pedagogy, Psychology, Foreign Languages and other departments is promising, and the adaptation of the courses to the curricula of these departments will make it possible to use them in the process of studying different disciplines in Ukrainian HEIs. The offered form of learning can help lecturers and students overcome the barriers in the transition from traditional learning the subjects to distance one. Incorporating online courses into the learning process enables students to learn their future profession more quickly and efficiently and will help lecturers create their own massive open on-line courses. Using online courses in the foreign language learning process will help students prepare for passing the B2 level English language proficiency certification required for admission to the master’s programs. Key words: platform of massive open on-line courses, distance and blended learning, distance course, Coursera, Prometeus, Lingva. Skills.