Abstract
In China, the access to education is determined by not only student’s demand for schooling, but also the allocation of educational resources and the schools’ selection of candidate students. Based on the data obtained from the rural life level and rural social assistance household surveys in four provinces in 2005, the demand-identified bivariate probit model is adopted to identify whether rural youths have the demand for schooling, distinguish between the students’ demand for schooling and the selection of schools, and open out the influence and function of family and social backgrounds on rural youths to acquire the education above junior high school. The empirical research shows that both the deficiency of demand for schooling and the enrollment quota control are important obstacles to restrain the access to education, and the demand for schooling and the elite selection of school all obviously incline to the families and peoples with predominant social backgrounds. The policy implication of this research is that it is imperative under the situation to adopt measures such as improving the demand for schooling of the disadvantaged families and further loosening the enrollment quota control, but the former is more important.
Highlights
Though the access to education is generally regarded as the important channel to reduce the intergenerational transmission of poverty and promote the flow from the lower class to the upper class of the society, but the researches aiming at many countries indicated that the education opportunity obviously inclined to the group with predominant family or social background, which means that in many economic objects, the education has been one important mechanism to maintain the privilege status of the superior class in the society, and continue the inequity of the society and the economy (Li, Chunling, 2003)
By the special data of questionnaires about survey of the rural life level and the social assistant households, when effectively identifying the causes that rural children don’t enter a higher school, a new demand-identified bivariate probit model is adopted to identify whether rural youths have the demand for schooling, distinguish between the students’ demand for schooling and the selection of schools, and open out the influence and function of family and social backgrounds on rural youths to acquire the education above junior high school
In the stage from the junior high school to the senior high school, the bivariate probit model estimation result shows that the provincial higher education opportunity would significantly positively influence rural youths’ demand for schooling, but the single-variable probit model estimation result could not indicated the significant influence of this variable
Summary
Though the access to education is generally regarded as the important channel to reduce the intergenerational transmission of poverty and promote the flow from the lower class to the upper class of the society, but the researches aiming at many countries indicated that the education opportunity obviously inclined to the group with predominant family or social background, which means that in many economic objects, the education has been one important mechanism to maintain the privilege status of the superior class in the society, and continue the inequity of the society and the economy (Li, Chunling, 2003). Raftery and Hout (1993) put forward the hypothesis of “Maximally Maintained Inequality”, and they thought that the expansion of education scale would not certainly improve the equality of education opportunity except that the education demand of the group with predominant social state had been achieved certain saturation, or else, those parents with higher social and economic state would always try to acquire added enrollment chances, so the enrollment status of the disadvantaged groups would be improved limitedly. This instance could be found in the enrollment expansion of Chinese colleges. The seventh chapter summarizes the research conclusions and the policy implications of this article
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