Enriching the Existing Knowledge About Co-creation: Identifying Dimensions of Co-creation Using Explicit Theory in Various Research Fields

Experiences with a co-creation process to adapt a healthy sleep intervention with adolescents: A Health CASCADE process evaluation.

ABSTRACTThe main proposal to set up an articulated mode of operation of health services has been the concept of network, which has been appropriated in different ways in the field of public health, as it is used in other disciplinary fields or even taking it from common sense. Amid the diversity of uses and concepts, we recognize the need for rigorous conceptual demarcation about networks in the field of health. Such concern aims to preserve the strategic potential of this concept in the research and planning in the field, overcoming uncertainties and distortions still observed in its discourse-analytic circulation in public health. To this end, we will introduce the current uses of network in different disciplinary fields, emphasizing dialogues with the field of public health. With this, we intend to stimulate discussions about the development of empirical dimensions and analytical models that may allow us to understand the processes produced within and around health networks.

Artificial intelligence technology has become an important part of the development of Internet technology. Artificial intelligence technology can help colleges and universities to continuously optimize the English teaching system. This technology can help colleges and universities to carry out English education in the field of public health and can improve the overall quality of English teaching in colleges and universities. Artificial intelligence technology is related to the optimization of English teaching environment in colleges and universities. At the same time, artificial intelligence technology also affects the development of society and the future of the country. Artificial intelligence technology provides more accurate data resources for English teaching in the field of public health in colleges and universities. It also provides rich and reliable educational technology means for teachers. This technology improves the scientific nature of English education in the field of public health in colleges and universities. This paper comprehensively uses a variety of methods such as case empirical analysis and qualitative analysis to analyze the application mode of artificial intelligence technology in English teaching. This paper closely integrates artificial intelligence technology with English education in the field of public health in colleges and universities. College English teaching methods, teachers' personal factors, and teacher-student relationship will all have an impact on students' health. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical basis and actual situation of English teaching in colleges and universities, and then constructs an innovative system of English education in the field of public health in colleges and universities. Based on this, the text adopts a structured analysis method to conduct an in-depth analysis of the application mode of artificial intelligence technology. This paper analyzes in detail the opportunities and challenges faced by the development of public health education in colleges and universities. At the same time, this paper also summarizes the objective laws of the development of public health education, and then comprehensively analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence technology on the English education model in colleges and universities.

Notes from the Field: Planting, Nurturing, and Watching Things Grow

The current phase of globalization represents a “double-edged sword” challenge facing public health practitioners and health policy makers. The first “edge” throws light on two constructs in the field of public health: global health (formerly international health) and globalized public health. The second “edge” is that of global governance, and raises the question, “how can we construct public health regulations that adequately respond to both global and local complexities related to the two constructs mentioned earlier (global health and globalized public health)?” The two constructs call for the development of norms that will assure sustained population-wide health improvement and these two constructs have their own conceptual tools and theoretical models that permit a better understanding of them. In this paper, we introduce the “globalized public health” construct and we present an interactive comprehensive framework for critically analyzing contemporary globalization’s influences on the field of public health. “Globalized public health”, simultaneously a theoretical model and a conceptual framework, concerns the transformation of the field of public health in the sociohistorical context of globalization. The model is the fruit of an original theoretical research study conducted from 2005 to 2008 (“contextualized research,” Gibbons’ Mode II of knowledge production), founded on a QUAL-quant sequential mixed-method design. This research also reflects our political and ideological position, fuelled with aspirations of social democracy and cosmopolitical values. It is profoundly anchored in the pragmatic approach to globalization, looking to “reconcile” the market and equity. The model offers several features to users: (1) it is transdisciplinary; (2) it is interactive (CD-ROM); (3) it is nonlinear (nonlinear interrelations between the contextual globalization and the field of public health); (4) it is synchronic/diachronic (a double-crossed perspective permits analysis of global social change, the emergence of global agency and the transmutation of the field of public health, in the full complexity of their nonlinear interaction); (5) it offers five characteristics as an auto-eco-organized system of social interactions, or dynamic, nonlinear sociohistorical system. The model features a visual interface (five interrelated figures), a structure of 30 “integrator concepts” that integrates 114 other element-parts via 1,300 hypertext links. The model is both a knowledge translation tool and an interactive heuristic guide designed for practitioners and researchers in public health/community health/population health, as well as for decision-makers at all levels.

The relevance of the proposed study is due to the parallel significant update of medical legislation and the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine "On Administrative Procedure". The purpose of the proposed research is to assess the quality of legal regulation of certain administrative proceedings in the field of public health, which has undergone significant changes in the last months of 2023. The results of the study, on the one hand, will help to identify shortcomings and legal conflicts that have formed, and on the other hand, to develop and suggest ways to overcome some of them. The research methodology consists of the following methods of scientific cognition: dialectical, theoretical-prognostic, comparative-legal, system-structural, formal-logical, analysis, legal modeling, and others. In the course of the work, the importance of proper legal regulation and effective public administration in the field of public health is emphasized. The place of administrative bodies in the system has been establishedsubjects of relations in the field of public health. A classification of measures used by specialized administrative bodies in their activities has been proposed. The significance of administrative proceedings and administrative acts used in the process of public administration of public health is disclosed and the most significant among them are highlighted: control and supervision, on the application of termination measures, registration. The essence of each of these proceedings has been investigated and the shortcomings of their regulation have been identified, due to the inconsistency of the norms of the Laws of Ukraine "On the Public Health System" and "On the Administrative Procedure". Significant shortcomings in the legal regulation of administrative proceedings on the application of temporary measures to stop violations of the requirements of sanitary legislation are noted and possible problems in its application are indicated. Attention is also focused on the shortcomings of the terminology used in the Law "On the Public Health System". The results of the study can contribute to the improvement of legislation in the field of public health, as well as to improve the quality of formation law enforcement practice of administrative bodies that are subjects of the public health system.

Leaders in the fields of public health and health education/health promotion have been advocating for required credentialing for almost two decades. Recently, some have questioned whether increasing the number of certified professionals could help better differentiate properly trained health educators and public health professionals from others seeking to fill jobs in this professional area. The purpose of this article is to determine how the CHES/MCHES (Certified Health Education Specialist/Master Certified Health Education Specialist) and CPH (Certified in Public Health) credentials are regarded and promoted within the field of health education/health promotion. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed to determine program directors’ ( N = 90) views of credentialing issues. The health belief model and the transtheoretical model were used to determine perceived barriers, benefits, and self-efficacy with regard to promoting credentialing and readiness to require the CHES or CPH exam as part of the undergraduate curriculum. Ninety undergraduate programs completed the survey with the majority reporting that they do not require credentialing of faculty and students as part of their program of study. More than 70% of respondents, however, indicated that they thought credentialing in the fields of public health and health education/health promotion is an important issue. Most program directors indicated there is value in having students credentialed in health education or public health, yet few programs required the CHES or CPH exam as part of their curriculum or exit assessment. There are opportunities to use credentialing both in assessing program curriculum alignment with competencies and student mastery of said competencies.

State and public health: rethinking value orientations

In recent years, the Russian Federation has paid great attention to the state of public health of the population, its preservation and strengthening. Specialists in this field and the level of their training play a special role in the effective solution of public health problems. The analysis of educational programs and professional standards of specialists engaged in disease prevention and health promotion is an important step to identify problems in the educational process and to develop recommendations for its improvement. Aim. To analyze the system of personnel training in the field of public health within the framework of medical education of the Russian Federation, to propose directions for its optimization. Materials and methods. Normative documents regulating educational and professional activities in the field of public health, public health and preventive medicine of the Russian Federation were studied: 20 federal state educational standards of higher education in the direction of training 31.00.00 Clinical Medicine and 32.00.00 Health Sciences and Preventive Medicine and 4 professional standards. Results. The analysis has shown a discrepancy between the knowledge inherent in educational programs and the level of knowledge of medical workers on health and disease prevention, including those responsible for conducting health check-ups. There is a negative trend in the quantity and quality of graduates in the field of medical and preventive medicine. To ensure quality training of specialists in the field of public health, it is necessary to update and harmonize educational programs of all medical specialists on disease prevention with subsequent quality control of knowledge; development and approval of professional standards “doctor for medical prevention” and “specialist in the field of public health”. Conclusion. The results of the analysis can serve as a basis for the development of strategies and initiatives aimed at developing the system of training of public health specialists, increasing the attractiveness of and interest in preventive medical specialties and the development of scientific research in this area.

Мета роботи – оцінити можливості та перспективність адаптації методик та методів оцінки ефективності бізнесових маркетингових стратегій у системах моніторингу й оцінки ефективності інформаційно-комунікаційних кампаній у сфері громадського здоров’я. Матеріали та методи. Використано результати вивчення та практичного застосування різних інструментів оцінки ефективності маркетингових стратегій та рекламних кампаній, які широко використовуються у сфері бізнесу. Застосовано бібліосемантичний метод дослідження, метод логічно-структурного та контент-аналізу. В основу дослідження покладено системний підхід. Результати. Представлено аналіз базових підходів до оцінки ефективності рекламних кампаній у сфері бізнесу та оцінено можливості адаптації окремих компонентів до застосування в системі оцінки якості інформаційно-комунікаційних кампаній у сфері громадського здоров’я. Визначено пріоритетність комунікаційної складової частини оцінки ефективності та представлено варіанти поширених методів і методик оцінки на різних етапах впровадження рекламної кампанії з акцентом на можливості застосування у сфері громадського здоров’я. Висновки. Існує великий потенціал напрацьованих сферою бізнесу методик оцінки ефективності маркетингових стратегій для застосування у галузі громадського здоров’я та промоції здорового способу життя. Перспективи використання цих методик у сфері громадського здоров’я дозволять не лише ефективно оцінювати рекламні кампанії, спрямовані на збереження та покращення здоров’я населення, але й перетворювати стратегії на засоби впливу на поведінку громадян.

The aim: Is to examine the establishment and development of the international legal framework in the field of public health; to identify objects of public health regulation; to outline ways to improve and develop the existing public health standards, taking into account new challenges facing humanity. Materials and methods: The research is based on the analysis of international agreements of universal and regional levels on public health, and scientific achievements in this field. The methodological basis comprises special and general methods, in particular, dialectical, axiological, formal, and other methods. Conclusions: The international community makes significant efforts to develop regulations in the field of public health. The emergence of these acts is associated with the emergence of a problem that affects the health of many categories of people, tends to spread rapidly, and results in significant damage to public health. Unfortunately, the objects of regulation of such agreements tend to expand due to the emergence of new challenges to human health, the evolution of diseases, and the factors that determine their occurrence. It is considered necessary to unite the efforts of the world community in order to improve the situation in the field of public health. These efforts should include: greater accession to international agreements in the field of public health; organisation of international cooperation to assist in combating the spread of new diseases, including the development of medicines, vaccines, exchange of best practices in this field, etc.; carrying out preventive medical measures at the national level, educational work among the whole population on the observance of sanitary norms, norms of hygiene, consequences of use of harmful substances (narcotic and psychotropic substances, tobacco, etc.), and so on.

2013 Prince Mahidol Award winners announced

1Non-fatal injuries are an even more pervasive problem. In the United States alone, recent studies estimate that almost 16 000 workers daily are hurt on the job, approximately six million...

Health Economics has now evolved into a complex science that is based on related disciplines, including epidemiology, statistics, psychology, sociology, operations research, and mathematics. Thus, Health Economics is a set of economic and statistical disciplines that serve as the basis for decision-making by healthcare providers and governments. It also includes a set of analytical methods used in the analysis of the healthcare market.
 Health Economics and Statistics is a modern master’s program with the main objective to prepare statistics specialists who are able to solve complex problems, make appropriate analytical decisions in the field of clinical research and management decisions in the field of public health that involves conducting research and fostering innovation in the face of uncertainty. Studying statistical methods enables students to acquire up-to-date analytical skills applied to clinical research and healthcare management.
 The objectives of the Master’s program are focused on providing students with the necessary information about international clinical research experience, forming a critical understanding of the pricing process on the healthcare market, as well as the mechanism for reimbursement of medical expenses in the world. In addition, the program will provide students with an understanding of the organization of existing health systems and methods needed to analyze health policies.
 The advantages of the program are tied to the goals of the acquisition of applied statistical analysis skills, which is an indispensable requirement of high qualification of an analyst in clinical research and public health. This is ensured by: 1) integration of practice with academic training; 2) the opportunity to contribute to the development of one's own potential; 3) expanding the capacity for scientific research; 4) the opportunity to defend a master’s thesis, working on a real project; 5) providing real career perspectives.
 Thus, the implementation of this program will provide an opportunity to prepare highly qualified specialists – analysts in the field of clinical research and public health. Specialists who are in high demand in the private sector (clinical research market) on the national and international level, in the national, regional and local NGOs and institutions in positions related to the planning, collection, processing, and analysis of clinical and public health data, as well as evaluating the quality of managerial decisions in healthcare. All of this, in turn, will help to ensure the competitiveness of specialists and increase the prestige of the specialty.

One year ago, the Archives of Public Health took a new start and became an electronic journal. We were successful in publishing four issues, each with three peer-reviewed articles, with editorials, book reviews and executive summaries of PhD dissertations. The topic of the papers covered a variety of public health issues. There were papers on public health nutrition [1,2], on mental health [3,4], on tobacco smoking [5,6], on occupational health [7], patient rights [8], divorce and health [9], primary care [10], health services research [11] and cancer screening [12]. The editor's favourite was the latter. Within this paper the results of four systematic reviews on respectively colorectal, breast, prostate, and cervical cancer screening are discussed in relation to the European guidelines and strategies for Belgium. In the current issue, the Archives of Public Health continues to present the richness of the diversity of public health research with papers on cognitive impairment screening in general practice [13], depression [14] and health care access for asylum seekers [15]. A public health topic which was not present in last year's volume and which cannot be found among recently submitted papers either is infectious diseases. This is somewhat unexpected given the very interesting congress on infectious disease and public health organised by the Belgian Association of Public Health in December 2008. During this congress, several outstanding papers on statistical methods in infectious disease surveillance and control were presented. The journal especially welcomes papers related to infectious disease surveillance. In the last editorial of 2008, the development of epidemiology and its relationship to the level of academic education and field training was discussed [16]. In Belgium, we still have a long way to go to match up with the other EU countries. This is also reflected in the position of Belgium as to the number of scientific publications and citations. In the SCImago Journal and Country Ranking (http://www.scimagojr.com), which compares EU countries for the period 1996-2007, Belgium only ranked 11th in the field of public health, environmental and occupational Health and 12th in the field of epidemiology. For epidemiology, the Belgian production level is only 20% compared to the Netherlands, France, Italy, Sweden. These observations make us wonder: why is Belgium lagging behind? Is it related to the academic education and the virtual non-existence of advanced training in public health? Is it caused by a lack of attractive research careers for young people? Is the investment in public health science too low and too little? Are the funding mechanisms too archaic? Or has it just something to do with the publication culture that is driving public health researchers and public health departments? Is public health research and epidemiology doing worse compared to other domains or is the Belgian position similar for all scientific domains? Within the health sector we observe for the same period that medicine in general is ranked at number 10, internal medicine at 11 and clinical genetics at 13. Some examples outside the health sectors are: mathematics at number 8, physics at 9 and social sciences at 10. In general, Belgium is never among the top 5 countries. However, even if the problem is not limited to public health, it is time that the public health community reacts. Universities, research institutes, funding agencies, governments and especially researchers themselves have to define what contributions they can make to remedy the current situation. The Belgian Association of Public Health should also be challenged by these figures and take this up as an urgent issue to be tackled.