Abstract
PurposeDue to the pressures of conforming to environmental quality standards and the increased costs of mineral fertilizer importation, there is growing interest in the use of organic residues as fertilizers. To test the hypothesis that indicates the quantity of animal manure (AM) depends on the phosphorus (P) needs of the crops, an experiment was run using three organic animal manures (chicken—CM, turkey—TM, and cow manure—CoM), enriched with limestone, gypsum, and phosphorus.MethodsA greenhouse experiment was run using AM incorporated in a clayey soil, at a rate that equates to the P needs of Brachiaria sp. Contents of phosphorus, potassium (K+), calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), sodium (Na+), organic matter (OM), and values of pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were monitored during 120 days. Plants were collected to determine the dry matter.ResultsApplication of enriched AM increased the contents of Ca, Mg, and K over time, while P and OM presented a decrease. Soil fertilized with CoM resulted in the greatest contents of P and OM, while soil with TM presented the highest production of dry matter with the lowest contents of P in soil. There was an increase in Na content in soil with the application of AM.ConclusionFertilization with AM presents the potential to supply P, Ca, Mg and K for plants. Enriched CoM appears to be the most viable option to improve the phosphorus and organic matter in soil because of high C/N. However, farmers may need to pay attention to the quantity of Na.
Highlights
Farmers have used animal manure (AM) for several years as a primary source of nutrients to fertilize agricultural soils
Manures can alter biological activity in soil influencing the nutrients’ dynamics. Future studies using this perspective are recommended to understand the influence of animal manure on biological activity in the soil
Application of enriched animal manure in a clayey soil alter nutrient dynamics which can be represented by two distinct groups: similar nutrient dynamics up until days, and a distinct trend from to 120 days
Summary
Farmers have used animal manure (AM) for several years as a primary source of nutrients to fertilize agricultural soils. Manure from livestock production (cow manure) contains high concentrations of available nutrients (Hariadi et al 2016), mainly nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S), (Muraishi et al 2011), while the manure from poultry production (chicken and turkey manure) contains high concentrations of potassium (K) and P (Pinto et al 2012). Composting of manures with limestone and gypsum is an alternative of enrichment, considered a viable alternative for increasing nutrient availability (Ramos et al 2013). This technique needs to be more thoroughly studied because of the possible increase of P adsorption in soil and a subsequent imbalance between the bases
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