Abstract
Time synchronization faces an increasing performance demand nowadays. This is particularly common in different segments, such as new scientific infrastructures, power grid, telecommunications or fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. All of them share the need for a time synchronization technology offering a very low synchronization error along large networks. The new version of the IEEE-1588-2019 protocol offers a considerable performance improvement thanks to the high accuracy profile based on white rabbit (WR). The original WR implementation guarantees a synchronization accuracy below 1 ns for a small number of cascaded nodes. This contribution evaluates the performance degradation when a considerable number of devices are deployed in cascaded configurations. In order to improve the performance, different delay measurement implementations have been evaluated in a series of experiments. The results prove the considerable benefits of our implementation against the current WR implementation.
Highlights
AND RELATED WORKT IME synchronization has become key in many scientific and industrial infrastructures
A setup composed of a cascade of 20 white rabbit (WR) lite embedded nodes (WR-LEN) provided by Seven Solutions SL has been deployed in order to evaluate these hypotheses
A WRLEN includes an Artix-7 low-end fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) and a WR precision time protocol (PTP) Core architecture, the results obtained are comparable to using other WR devices such as the WR switch (WRS)
Summary
T IME synchronization has become key (first-order concept) in many scientific and industrial infrastructures. IEEE recommendations and other works [6], [7] focus on providing an alternative method to GNSS by using terrestrial systems [8] In this regard, the integration of the WR (wired technology) in smart grid communication networks resolves the vulnerability of GNSS and covers the forthcoming strict synchronization needs introduced by the utilization of PMUs and long-cascade configurations [5], [9], [10]. Timing needs are moving from frequency synchronization to time and phase synchronization, evolving from the old requirement of ±1.5 μs for the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology (4G/LTE), similar to fifth generation (5G) Phase 1, aiming to ns for Phase 2 and beyond 5G developments [14] In this regard, IEEE P802.1CM describes A+ networks or common public radio interface protocols that demand an accuracy better than 12.5 ns [13], [15], [16].
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