Abstract
ZnO is widely used in semiconductor oxide gas sensors due to its remarkable physical and chemical properties. However, ZnO-based gas sensors face several challenges in practical applications, including limited selectivity, reduced sensitivity, and the requirement for high operating temperatures. In this study, a three-dimensional hollow porous flower-like Co3O4/ZnO material was synthesized by single-step hydrothermal method, exhibiting an average diameter ranging from 4 to 5 μm. The presence of Co3O4 within ZnO was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Through the detection of different gases, the results indicate that the ZnO-based gas sensor, doped with 0.5 at% Co3O4, exhibits exceptional sensitivity towards toluene gas, with the limit of detection (LOD) (1 ppb). The sensor's response values Ra/Rg to 0.1–200 ppm toluene at 260 °C range from 2 to 225, respectively. In the presence of toluene gas at a concentration of 100 ppm, the sensor demonstrated a high response value of 130, with response and recovery times of 30 s and 50 s, respectively. Furthermore, the response value of this sensor type was tested over a period of 15 days, confirming the device's excellent long-term stability.
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