Enhancing rural women's livelihood sustainability through medicinal plants cultivation: A hybrid SWOT–Fuzzy AHP–TOWS analysis.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesian society used family medicinal plants to prevent infection by enhancing immunity. Consumption of medicinal plants as herbal medicine should have scientific consideration so that the benefits can be proven and do not cause harmful side effects. Cultivation of medicinal plants is necessary to meet the needs of the family's medicinal plants independently.Methods: We designed a community-based education to improve literacy about the cultivation and utilization of family medicinal plants to farmer groups at Blunyahrejo, Yogyakarta. The study used a quasi-experimental research design with one group pre-post-test design. The group received an intervention in the form of training on the use and cultivation of medicinal plants. Community literacy was measured before and after participants attended the training. The 1st post-test has been conducted right after the training and the 2nd post-test was carried out after 3 months of intervention. The data were analyzed by a paired t-test.Results: The total number of participants who participated was 28 people. Observations have also been done during and after the training. The study showed that there was an increase in knowledge about the cultivation and utilization of family medicinal plants between the pre-test and 1st post-test, 1st post-test and 2nd post-test, and the pre-test and 2nd post-test (9.96%; 1.98%; 12.04%).Conclusion: The training improved the literacy about the cultivation and utilization of family medicinal plants of the farmer group in Blunyahrejo, Yogyakarta. Although the number of participants was quite small, participants showed a positive response during and after the training. Community leaders often reported the activities of farmer groups that showed enthusiasm for maintaining and continuing the cultivation of medicinal plants after the training.

AM fungi are widespread and are found from arctic to tropics in most agricultural and natural ecosystems. They play an important role in plant growth, health and productivity. They increase seedling tolerance to drought, high temperatures, toxic heavy metals, high or low pH and even extreme soil acidity. The cultivation of medicinal and herbal plants has assumed greater importance in recent years due to their tremendous potential in modern and traditional medicine. They are also used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and fragrance industries. Indian system of medicine (ISM) uses 25,000 species belonging to more than 1000 genera. About 25% species are used by the industries. The Barak Valley is the southernmost part of the Assam and consists of three districts namely Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi. Different tribes staying here are directly using of medicinal plants for the treatments of different ailments. Comparatively very less attention has been given for the conservation of some of these rare and endangered medicinal plants which are extensively used by the tribes of Assam. So, AM fungi can play an effective role in the conservation of some valuable medicinal plants where Glomus sp. was found to be widely used for the increase yield of important medicinal plants. This review summarizes the data from recent studies to elucidate the potential use of AM fungi for promoting growth and disease resistance in medicinal plants found in southern part of Assam, which in turn provide a natural enhancer for the commercial production of traditional drugs from various important plants.

India (8-30 N and 68-97.5 E) exhibits a wide range in topography and climate, which has a bearing on its vegetation and floristic composition. This subcontinent is one of the World’s 12 leading Biodiversity Centres, encompassing 16 different agro-climatic zones, 10 vegetation zones, 25 biotic provinces and about 426 habitats of specific species. It has been estimated that about 45,000 plant species (nearly 20% of the global species) occurs in the Indian Sub-continent. About 3,500 species of both higher and lower plant groups are of medicinal values. More than 80 percent of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) are collected from 17 million hectares of Indian forest land. However, many of these, due to over-exploitation have become rare (Rheum emodi, Aconitum deinorrhizum), threatened (Rauvolfia serpentina, Berberis artistata), or endangered ones (Sassurea lappa, Dioscorea deltoidea). Problems arising out of rapid genetic loss of medicinal plants forced the need for international co-operation and co-ordination to undertake programmes for conservation of medicinal plants to ensure that adequate quantities are available for future generations. Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic species gives scope to improve the quality of the drugs. Merits of commercial cultivation of MAP is the outcome of implementation of number of critical factors like locate-selection; good genetically stable planting materials; good agrotechnological practices; nutrient input; harvesting management and implementation of suitable post harvesting techniques to preserve the end product till smart and effective marketing arrangements are made. There is a growing demand today for plant-based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. in the international market. The international market of medicinal plants is over 60 billion US dollar per year, which is growing at the rate of 7 percent per annum. The present export of herbal raw materials and medicines from India is about US dollar 100-114 million approximately per year. India is one of the major exporter of crude drugs mainly to six developed countries viz. USA, Germany, France, Switzerland, U.K. and Japan, who share between them 75-80 per cent of the total export market. CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (MAP) IN INDIA Techno-economical Considerations for Cultivation of MAP in India Loss of genetic diversity, particularly related to potential medicinal species has taken place; more so in the Worlds’ tropical rain forests and its conservation aspect has, of late, captured the attention of herbal scientists and experts (Duke, 1985). With emphasis it can be stated that the ultimate solution of medicinal plant conservation is medicinal plant cultivation in a scientific way (Foster, 1993). Botanical producer will desire to optimise yield from production; whereas user or entrepreneur will want to manufacture a product of uniform quality. Environmental factors play dramatic roles on biomass yield and composition, and also on its consistency. Proc. Int. Conf. on MAP Eds. J. Bernath et al. Acta Hort. 576, ISHS 2002 192 The process of selection of geographical site is very important and will have to be tailormade to meet the requirement of a particular botanical or a group of botanicals with ecological homogeneity. Elevation of the region has a profound bearing on successful cultivation of MAP. Indian cultivation of Datura innoxia, Atropa belladona, Catharanthus roseus, Rauvolfia serpentina, Cepecacuanha spp. and Hyoscyamus niger are appropriate examples (Table 1). Slope face is another factor, which determines variations of diurnal light intensity and temperature necessary for better growth and development of MAP. Latitude also have pronounced effect on biomass composition e.g. Atropa belladona. Adequate soil moisture and moderate nutrient status generally meet the requirements for growing MAP in India. However in some cases (e.g. Psyllium, Cassia, Catharanthus, Withania, Rauvolfia, Cymbopogon), the plantation can profitably thrive on low fertility soils of warmer regions. Pyrethrum, Solanum spp., Jasminium and Ocimum spp. can be economically grown over medium fertility soils. In case of Papaver, Dioscorea spp., Mentha spp. and Cymbopogon spp., high fertility soil and liberal irrigation will be necessary for successful growth of plantation. Rained cultivation in India is widely followed in Withania, Cassia, Vetiveria and Eucalyptus citriodora. Medicinal and aromatic crops are generally adapted to a wide range of soil texture and pH. Plantago, Cassia, Cymbopogon growing over light soils become high yielding when grown over loam and clay loam (nearly 80% increase in yield in case of Plantago ovata). Vetiveria is unique for its tolerance to soil alkalinity and periodic flooding and water logging of fields; conditions however producing no adverse effect on total oil yield and its composition. Cinchona, Cephalis and Coptis have preference for acidic soils (5-6 pH); whereas species like Aloe, Pandanus, Urginea, Commiphora are grown in soils of higher pH. Day length have been found to influence growth and development of certain medicinal and aromatic crops in India. Commercial cultivation of Mentha, Glycyrrhiza, Coptis, Humulus prefer more than 14 hours of day length for high crop yield whereas citronella, Pelargonium and Pogostemon are short-day plants and essential oil production can be increased by nearly 25% by satisfying appropriate light requirements to these crops. Senna is a day-neutral plant and cultivation success is independent of prevalent day-light duration. In crops like Solanum, Digitalis, Rauvolfia and Dioscorea, effects of photoperiodic cycles (long days) have also been clearly established (Chatterjee, 1986). Regulatory role of light intensity on improvement of performance of a number of medicinally important crops has been established. In Mentha, ample sunshine is necessary at maturity for higher content of oil and menthol content. Economics of cultivation of this species is very much affected if crops are harvested in rainy or cloudy days due to the fact that higher conversion of menthol into menthone. Amongst other plantation crops, low light intensity favours production like Cephalis; thereby necessitating artificial shading during commercial cultivation. Only 20-25 percent day light intensity is recommended for optimum productivity performance. Berberine content is nearly 10-15 percent higher in roots of Coptis japonica, when on average, 70 percent of incident light is intercepted. Additional light promotes the AP accumulation in Digitalis spp. and Solanum khasianum (Table 2.). Reduced light intensity (nearly 40 %) by growing Cinchona under shade tree increases percentage of quinine and related alkaloids by more than 30 percent; as well as bark yield by 30-40 % (Table 3). Role of atmospheric temperature on success of medicinal and aromatic plant cultivation can also be well exemplified. Pyrethrum growing in southern hills is favoured by lower minimum temperature increasing the yield of dry matter and total pyrethrin contents. In general increasing temperature up to a maximum (prior to physiological damage) favour increased secondary metabolite production in many alkaloid and terpene producing medicinal plants. Composition of secondary metabolite may also be changed. Low temperature favours morphine increase in poppy and decreases the total principle content.

Medicinal plants are becoming important as bio-energy crops, the renewal of industrial feed stock, and bio-remedial sectors of the market, and are benefiting from technological advances that were originally developed for the food chain. The cultivation of medicinal plants deserves top priority for sustaining rural communities and supplying healthy products. The major challenge in the cultivation of medicinal plants after their domestication is the lack of synergy between producers, herbalists, and industry. About 25% of modern medicines are based on the phytochemicals obtained from plants used widely in traditional medicines. Several synthetic analogues have been built on phytochemical compounds isolated from medicinal plants. The use of natural products derived from plants has been on the increase, as is evident from the increased popularity and acceptance of plant-derived health care as well as cosmetics/perfumery products, even though the cost is of these natural products is high. This dual role of medicinal plants as a source of income and in healthcare makes the production of medicinal plants ever-demanding. The production and supply of medicinal/nutraceutical/perfumery herbs is becoming a booming agro-business. Recent observations worldwide indicate that developed countries are also including these plants in their healthcare systems. India has natural plant resources in abundance because of the clear climate variations throughout the year. In India the wealth gained from medicinal plants and products is about 50% higher than that for flowering plant species. Medicinal plant-based industries have great potential for the economic development of India. The oldest literature of the Vedic period is the basis of modern pharmaceutical practice, which uses various traditional medicinal plants. Considering the global and national use of and demand for medicinal plants, the cultivation and bio-prospecting of these plants has great future promise.

The Greek territory provides an ideal environment for growing plants and herbs, which are to be found in abundance, flourishing on mountain sides, where they grow naturally. Medicinal plants are considered as important factors in sustainable development, environmental protection, and public health. The aim of this chapter is to present comprehensive information about the diversity, ecological value, cultivation, and utilization of the economically important medicinal plants such as Salvia sp., Origanum sp., and Sideritis sp., in Greece, stressing their medical-environmental and economical values. The utilization of our natural wealth together with the conservation of biodiversity is issues of paramount importance. Valuable aides to these appear to be the medicinal plants which play a crucial role in both these sectors. Another important fact we should keep in mind is the potential use of medicinal plants and their unconventional applications in sustainable agriculture, enhanced by the selective and multiple biological properties of their essential oils. Numerous and valuable uses are more than possible as the diversity of medicinal plants presents new sustainable opportunities—financial and environmental—for agriculture, and this should be the motive to boost further studies concerning the cultivation of medicinal plants.

Objective: Plants are the source of medicine in Ayurvedic, allopathic & Unani systems. Globally 72000-77000 (17-18%) of the world’s flora is currently utilized for medicinal purposes. More than 200 therapies employed by different cultures to treat physical and psychological ailments use medicinal plants as curative medicines, substantiating the immense scope for commercial medicinal plant cultivation. This present study was undertaken to find out the difficulties, challenges and opportunities in medicinal plant cultivation from the perspective of farmers in the state of Odisha, India, and to suggest possible support that could promote medicinal plant cultivation.Material and Methods: A survey was conducted among 700 farmers using a questionnaire containing 15 items related to socioeconomic status, challenges and opportunities.Results: The study revealed that the education of most of the farmers was below high school; 61% of the participants had their own land, with 10 to 15 years of farming experience. The majority were not into medicinal plant cultivation. The major challenges for medicinal plant cultivation were found to be marketing, finance, climate, lack of experience and training, government support and labour. Support from the government will encourage the medicinal plant cultivation.Conclusion: Many of the farmers are not aware of the demands and support schemes by the government. Serious gaps were seen in availing government support schemes in medicinal plant cultivation by farmers, leading to limited success and productivity. There is a need to create awareness among the farmers regarding the benefits of medicinal plant cultivation and related training programmes to increase production and productivity of medicinal plants substantially. Support from the government will encourage medicinal plant cultivation.

Micro enterprises have been classified into various categories which includes cultivation of food grains, fruits, flowers, seed production, mushroom cultivation and also the livestock economic activities such as dairy farming, poultry, and production of cow dung. The rural women also engaged in home-based economic activities such as stitching, weaving, petty trades, embroidery, food preparation and processing. The role of start-up business through the accessibility of microcredit by rural women has encourages entrepreneurial and economic empowerment. In this backdrop, the present paper is aims to establish the role and significance of microfinance to empower women in rural areas. It also attempted to study entrepreneurial empowerment of rural women through the start-up business with access of formal bank loans. This study also measures the significant contribution of bank linkage programme in incorporating the start-up among the women self-help group members. Main purpose of this paper is to emphasise the role and significance of microfinance to empower women in rural areas. It also aims to promote the self-employment opportunities among the rural women through the start-up business with access of formal bank loans. This study is follows the empirical research method to evaluate the economic empowerment and livelihood of rural women. Data collected through direct survey method from the rural women self-help group who engaged in start-up businesses from India. A structured questionnaire was framed and distributed to forty sample respondents to collect the information. Stratified random sampling method was adopted to collect the sample responses from the total population. It shown that there was good positive change in income after the microfinance access and start-up. It also encourages the entrepreneurial skills of the rural women. The all other significant variables such as expenditure, savings, borrowings and training have also had a tremendous positive change after availed microcredit from bank linkage programme. On the whole, the economic empowerment of rural women has been enhanced due the start-up business through the microcredit model.KeywordsWomenEntrepreneurshipEmpowermentStart-ups and Microcredit

This paper describes the assumptions and results of a study to assess whether cultivation of medicinal plants can serve as a tool for combined biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation. The study was carried out in the Amatola region of Eastern Cape, South Africa, where sustained beliefs in medicinal plant use, also under non-traditional conditions, has resulted in an increase in commercial demands. It was based on the assumption of poverty alleviation not only referring to an increase in income and labour, but also an increase in social capital and human dignity. The study assessed the local perceptions of the use and cultivation of medicinal plants and the need for conservation of these plants, as well as the features of already ongoing cultivation practices and options for increased cultivation. It consisted of participatory assessments in three villages involving around 250 persons and participatory trials with 14 rural women selling medicinal plants on urban markets. The study indicated that the growing demand for medicinal plants is related to the great cultural significance attached to medicinal plants. The growing demand has not only resulted in increased hazard for overexploitation of wild plant populations, but also increased interest in cultivation. Several factors need attention in linking of biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation: (a) selection of specific target groups and the identification of the links between cultivation practices and livelihood conditions, (b) role of cultural factors in medicinal plant use and cultivation, and (c) cultivation by local people being not primarily based on local awareness of the loss of wild species, but on local perceptions about financially lucrative medicinal plants. It is concluded that the scope for cultivation of medicinal plants for combined biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation should not be considered light-heartedly. However, the impact can be positive in case cultivation is considered within the context of protecting and strengthening the cultural values of biodiversity and creating a positive attitude towards biodiversity conservation in general

Medicinal plants (MPs) are an important component of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), which are traditionally used in healthcare and source of livelihood all over the world. In an over-populated country like Bangladesh, the pressure on natural forests is immense; thus the cultivation of MPs can significantly contribute towards improving the livelihood of poor people, reducing the pressure on natural forests and enhancing biological diversity. Notwithstanding the growing recognition of its importance and economic and ecological potential, there has been little research on MPs, especially the cultivation, management and marketing aspects, in Bangladesh. Based on extensive fieldwork in a northern district of Bangladesh, this study explores various aspects of the cultivation, management and marketing of MPs. How collective efforts have brought economic and social benefits to communities was also examined in this study. It assesses the major processes and elements of management, identifies key problems and challenges and indicates ways of maximizing the potential of this important sector. The issues covered in this research include: farmers ’ perceptions and experiences; existing research and policy-making processes related to the MP sector; constraining factors (such as lack of processing technology, inadequate transportation, logistics, financial and storage infrastructure, lack of institutional capacity); markets, finance and networking; land use; pattern of livelihood and value chain issue.

A stable and controlled supply of plant-based medicines depends on the availability of high quality medicinal plants. Cultivation of medicinal plants used for the manufacture of traditional herbal medicines is considered to be a key element in the drive to modernize and internationalize traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has motivated the cultivation and breeding of selected Chinese medicinal plants worldwide. In parallel, several research groups have developed plant tissue culture and in vitro micropropagation techniques for the cultivation, rapid propagation, and metabolic engineering of medicinal plants. Genetic markers such as microsatellites (SSR, simple sequence repeats; short tandem repeats) and single nucleotide polymorphisms are used for marker assisted breeding and quality assessment. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is rapidly becoming the method of choice for the characterization of genetic markers. An important advantage of sequencing-based approaches compared to electrophoresis-based DNA fingerprinting is that the DNA sequence is independent of the particular method that was used to generate it. Furthermore, DNA sequences can be deposited into public repositories for genetic information such as GenBank that can be searched easily using web interfaces as well as specialized bioinformatics software. Similarly, NGS can be used for transcriptomic and epigenetic studies.

The present paper deals with observation on ethno medicinal uses of plants by the tribal people of Birbhum district, West Bengal. Tribal medicine is an age-old therapeutic system which is traditionally practiced among different tribal communities for their primary health care needs. The tribal people of this district mainly depend upon the forest flora for their livelihood and use herbal medicines in curing the ailments and diseases. Altogether 30 plant species belonging to different families have been recorded from the district. These plant species are effective for various common human ailments. Considering individual plant parts it is found that leaf is used in 20 cases, bark in 12 cases, fruits in 6 cases, stem in 3 cases, latex and flowers in 2 cases, sap and rhizome in 1 cases. Finally the recorded plant taxa have been enumerated according to their botanical names along with families, local or tribal names, parts used, disease cured, mode of administration, etc. This folk knowledge on medicine should be documented immediately and therapeutic validation of these herbal medicines is emphasized. To avoid biodiversity extinction some measures would be taken, like, cultivation of rare medicinal plants, provision of training and extension services to farmers engaged in cultivation of medicinal plants, establishment of herbal gardens in forest areas and creation of seed bank.

The present study was conducted during October, 2022 to April, 2023 in the Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh which is predominated by the cultivation of apple. Medicinal and aromatic plants are playing an important role in Homeopathy, Ayurveda and Unani medicines. Local inhabitants have been using these plants for various ethno pharmaceutical uses. Stratified Random Sampling was used for conducting the survey. Both Primary and Secondary information (data) were collected through schedules, questionnaires, face to face talks, personal interviews and group discussions. Societies and Self Help Groups (SHGs) were created for the cultivation of Saussurea costus (Kuth) and Aconitum heterophyllum (Patish). Local trader has purchased Kuth at the rate of ` 200 per Kilogram and Aconitum heterophyllum (Patish) at the rate of ` Rs. 2000 per Kilogram. In Delhi market, the farmers have received higher rates (`Rs. 300 per Kilogram for Saussurea costus (Kuth) and ` Rs. 2100 per Kilogram for the Aconitum heterophyllum (Patish)). On an average, a farmer was reported to earn `Rs. 50,000 to ` Rs. 100,000 per bigha per annum from the cultivation of these medicinal plants.

The tendency of society to return to nature have increased interest in herbal remedies. This conditionprovides business opportunities for variety of medicinal plants including the cultivation of family medicinalplants (TOGA). The purpose of this community service activity was to increase people's motivation toexploit the business opportunity of herbal plants collectively. The program was conducted in three steps: (1)approaching the problems faced by mothers in managing medicinal plants through interviews withcommunity leaders; (2) conducting training on the utilization of variety of crops into simple remedies and (3)evaluation of the training outcomes and motivation of training participants to develop the cultivation andprocessing of medicinal plants. The results showed that participants were motivated to develop medicinalplant business. Tips shared on how to manage medicinal plant gardens in groups were helpful to reduceindividual workload. In general, the implementation of training activities on the utilization of FamilyMedicinal Plants (TOGA) was quite successful. This can be seen from the participants’ request that thisactivity can continue to support them. Cultivation of medicinal plants is suitable as an alternative forhousewife empowerment because it can be done without leaving the important role as a mother.

Women have been recognized to be engines of economic growth and development worldwide. Based on this, many nations in the world have formulated and implemented strategies to spur the economic empowerment of women through gender equality as stipulated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Empowering women, through gender equality, has been emphasized by many nations to be a strategic approach to lifting rural women out of poverty by providing them with income-generating opportunities and access to resources (SDG 1), addressing disparities in access to resources (SDG 5) and reducing gender-based inequalities by providing rural women with equal access to resources, and employment opportunities hence contributing to a more inclusive and equitable society (SDG 10). The government of Uganda has initiated and supported various strategies to empower women economically but still most women, especially in rural areas, remain disempowered. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of resource sharing on economic empowerment among rural women in Bushenyi District focusing Kakanju Sub County and Bitooma town council. The study specifically sought to establish the extent to which resource sharing influences economic empowerment of rural women in Kakanju subcounty and Bitooma town council in Bushenyi district. A quantitative research approach was used to collect, analyze and interpret data. The study was underpinned by the feminist theory and resource-based theory. The study adopted correlational research designs. A sample of 294 respondents was selected from a target population 1117 using sloven’s formula. Data was collected using a self and researcher administered questionnaire. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 confidence level. Research findings indicate that resource sharing has significant relationship with economic empowerment of rural women (t=7.658, P=.000, P< 0.05).Therefore, it was concluded that resource sharing, are essential for economic empowerment of rural women. The study recommends that the local governments and central government should carry out trainings in areas of participation in decision making by rural women to equip them with negotiation skills and take away the fear in rural women to get engaged in decision making since it was found out that rural women are not trained in negotiation skills. This will make them take part in decision making regarding their economic empowerment. Keywords: Rural women, Economic empowerment, Gender equality, Poverty

Determining road handling priority is considered as a complicated multicriteria decision making problem. In so doing, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been widely used to weight the importance. Fuzziness and vagueness however, are typical in many decision-making problems, so that fuzzy sets could be integrated with the pairwise comparison as an extension of the AHP. This study uses Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and TOPSIS method in determining regencial road handling priority for road links under severe circumstances in Badung regency in Bali province. Data are taken from a previous study, which had also been conducted for Badung regencial road handling priority using the AHP and SK.NO.77/KPTS/Db/1990 method. The weights of main and sub criteria are determined using FAHP and subsequently the ranking of road links is determined using TOPSIS method. The AHP method gave somewhat different result to 'SK.NO.77/KPTS/Db/1990' method. On the other hand, FAHP and TOPSIS method produce the same result to 'SK.NO.77/KPTS/Db/1990' method. This is probably best explained by the fact that they similarly considered traffic volumes as the most significant factor. FAHP and TOPSIS method however, are preferred to the AHP and SK.NO.77/KPTS/Db/1990 method in determining regencial road handling priority in Badung regency.Abstrak. Prioritas penanganan jalan merupakan salah satu tugas berat dan penting yang dihadapi oleh pengambil keputusan pada pemerintah daerah. Pada kenyataannya, penentuan penanganan jalan dapat dilihat sebagai permasalahan pengambilan keputusan yang melibatkan banyak kriteria yang bersifat kompleks. Metode proses hirarki analitik (AHP) telah banyak digunakan untuk menentukan bobot kriteria di dalam penentuan prioritas penanganan jalan. Akan tetapi karena keragu-raguan merupakan hal yang lazim terjadi di dalam pengambilan keputusan, maka teknik fuzzy dapat dikombinasikan ke dalam metode AHP. Pada studi ini penentuan prioritas penanganan jalan kabupaten untuk kondisi rusak berat di Kabupaten Badung, Bali dilakukan dengan metode Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) dan TOPSIS. Data penelitian digunakan dari studi sebelumnya di Kabupaten Badung yang menggunakan metode AHP dan SK.NO.77/KPTS/Db/1990. Metode FAHP digunakan untuk pembobotan kriteria sedangkan metode TOPSIS digunakan untuk penentuan urutan ruas jalan yang akan mendapat penanganan. Metode AHP memberikan hasil yang sedikit berbeda dengan metode SK.NO.77/KPTS/Db/1990. Sementara itu FAHP dan metode TOPSIS memberikan hasil yang sama dengan metode SK.NO.77/KPTS/Db/1990. Hal ini kemungkinan karena kedua metode tersebut menggunakan volume lalu lintas sebagai faktor yang paling berpengaruh pada penelitian ini. FAHP dan metode TOPSIS lebih disarankan untuk digunakan di dalam penentuan prioritas penanganan jalan di Kabupaten Badung.