Abstract
BackgroundAfrican American youth are at increased risk for poor diabetes management. Parenting behaviors such as parental monitoring are significant predictors of youth diabetes management and metabolic control, but no intervention has targeted parental monitoring of daily diabetes care.ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to develop and pilot test a three-session computer-delivered intervention to enhance parental motivation to monitor African American pre-adolescents’ diabetes management.MethodsThe 3 Ms (Medication, Meter, and Meals) intervention was based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of health behavior change and Motivational Interviewing approaches. Five caregivers of African American youth aged 10-13 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for a minimum of one year (ie, the target population) reviewed the intervention and provided feedback via semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsCaregivers’ responses to interview questions suggest that The 3 Ms was helpful (minimum rating was 8 out of 10) and they would recommend the program to another parent of a child with diabetes (minimum rating was 9 out of 10). Three of five reported that The 3 Ms program increased the likelihood that they would talk to their child about diabetes. Thematic analysis suggested two primary themes: caregivers found the intervention to be a useful reminder of the importance of supervising their child’s diabetes care and that it evoked a feeling of shared experience with other parents.ConclusionsThe 3 Ms computer-delivered intervention for increasing parental monitoring of African-American youth with type 1 diabetes was well-received and highly rated by a small sample of representative caregivers.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01515930; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01515930 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Rm0vq9pn).
Highlights
Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is complex, demanding, and requires daily motivation and self-control [1]
African American adolescents are more likely to experience problems with diabetes management [18] and increased metabolic control [18,19,20], few intervention studies have focused on this group
While other parenting behaviors and family interactions have been targeted in order to maintain appropriate diabetes care in adolescents with T1D [36,37,38], parental monitoring of daily diabetes care—whether in general or with African-American youth—has not previously been the focus of a targeted intervention
Summary
Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is complex, demanding, and requires daily motivation and self-control [1]. Recent studies have shown that parental monitoring of adolescents’ daily diabetes care—that is, information-seeking about their child’s diabetes care behaviors and direct supervision and oversight of those activities [31]—is a significant predictor of youth diabetes management and metabolic control [32,33,34]. African American youth are at increased risk for poor diabetes management Parenting behaviors such as parental monitoring are significant predictors of youth diabetes management and metabolic control, but no intervention has targeted parental monitoring of daily diabetes care
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