Enhancing oil palm seedling growth through the utilization of guano in early nursery stage

NPK fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery aims to determine a single effect or interaction between the two on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery. The experiment was conducted at the Polytechnic of Lampung from July 2013 to March 2014. The study used Complete Randomized Design (CRD) factorial, which consists of two factors and each combination was repeated 3 times. The first factor of NPK fertilizer with 3 levels, 100%, 50%, and 25% of the dose recommendation as much as 142 g. The second factor is the dose of organic fertilizer (Organonitrofos) with 3 levels of treatment, without organic fertilizer, 18 g polybag -1 , and 36 g polybag -1 . Observation variables such as plant height, number of midrib, stem diameter, length of midrib, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and P total. The results showed that NPK fertilizer at the age of 9 months to increase the length midrib, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. Effect of dosage of the best there is at 100%. The combination of NPK fertilizer and organic fertilizer there is an interaction of the dry weight of the roots and the best interaction was achieved by treatment of 50% NPK fertilizer and organic fertilizer 36 g polybag -1 . Keywords: NPK fertilizer, oil palm, organonitrofos Permalink: http://jurnal.polinela.ac.id/index.php/AIP/article/view/20

In Malaysia, acid sulfate soils contain high amounts of aluminium and are usually utilized for oil palm cultivation. As these soils are frequently flooded during rainy periods, it is thought that this may affect the growth performance of the oil palm. A glasshouse experiment was, therefore, conducted to study the effects of water regime and aluminium on the growth of oil palm seedlings. Soils used in the experiment were Typic Sulfaquepts and Sulfic Tropaquepts from Pulau Lumut Island, Malaysia. Best growth was observed on a non-jarositic freely drained topsoil. Oil palm seedlings were found the be moderately tolerant to soil acidity. Growth was only affected if Al3+ and Alsum activities in the soil solutions were above 100 and 700 μ M, respectively. Root length was found to be one of the better parameters to predict crop growth, while others included plant height, fron length and LAI. Soil solution attributes which could be used as indices of soil acidity for oil palm growth were pH and activities of Al3+, AlSO4+ and Alsum.

Few studies found the organic fertilizer made out of oil palm midrib despite the usage has been performed in many oil palm plantations. Dry and fallen dry oil palm midribs around oil palm are often used as mulch and left alone to be decomposed naturally. This research is aimed to find out the utilization of decomposed oil palm midrib that turned into organic fertilizer which then to is given to oil palm seedling as mix ingredient of organic fertilizer to reduce inorganic fertilizers’ usage. Moreover, this treatment is expected to enhance oil palm midrib value as oil palm plantation waste. This experiment was carried out in experimental farm Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang District, West Java Province from January to April 2017. The materials are oil palm seedlings from Simalungun varieties from the breeding of Dura and Pisifera, Ultisols order topsoil, NPK 15-15-15 compound fertilizers, organic fertilizer made out of oil palm midribs. The research method was using field experiments with randomized group design with a factorial pattern that consists of two factors. Factor I: Oil Palm Midrib fertilizer dose (P) consists of three levels: p0 = 0 g/polybag, p1 = 800 g/polybag, p2 = 1600 g/polybag. Factor II: compound fertilizers dose consists of four levels: m0 = 0 g/polybag, m1 = 20 g/polybag, m2 = 40 g/polybag, m3 = 60 g/polybag. Organic fertilizer made out of oil palm midrib is causing a good effect on oil palm seedlings growth. The usage application together along with inorganic fertilizers is to add nutrient that needed by plants to reduce inorganic fertilizers. The main focus of this research is sustainable fertilization.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth response of oil palm seedlings to the application of Sugarcane Filter Cake (blotong) and PGPR at the pre-nursery stage. The research was conducted at the Research and Educational Garden ( Experimental farm) in Maguwohardjo Village, Depok Sub-district, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study took place from December 2024 to March 2025. The research method used was a factorial experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the dosage of Sugarcane Filter Cake, with four treatment levels: control (NPK 3 gram), 100 g, 150 g, and 200 g per seedling. The second factor was the application of PGPR, with four concentration levels: control (0 ml), 5 ml, 10 ml, and 15 ml per polybag. The data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the results were further tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root volume, and leaf area. The results showed no interaction between the Sugarcane Filter Cake dosage and PGPR concentration in influencing the growth of oil palm seedlings. The application of a 100 g dose of Sugarcane Filter Cake per seedling showed optimal growth for the parameters of plant height and number of leaves.The application of sugarcane filter cake can replace in the NPK fertilizer. The application of PGPR up to a concentration of 15 ml did not have a significant effect on any of the observed parameters for the oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the type and dose of compost on the growth of oil palm seedlings in pre nursery with coastal sandy soil. The other objective is to know the effect of the type of compost on the growth of oil palm seedlings in pre nursery with coastal sandy soil. Lastly, the study examines the right dose of compost that provides the best growth of oil palm seedlings in pre nursery with coastal sandy soil. The experimental design was set in a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors from April to June 2020 at the Tridharma Research Station Faculty of Agriculture, INSTIPER. The first factor is the type of compost which consists of 2 levels, Lamtoro compost, and vermicompost. The second factor is the dose of compost consisting of 4 levels: control (without compost), 50 gr compost/polybag, 75 gr compost/polybag, and 100 gr compost/polybag. The research data were analyzed using analysis of variance (α =0,05), and if there was a significant effect, it was continued with the Duncan multiple range test ( α = 0,05). Parameters observed included seedling height, total leaf, leaf width, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root length, and total roots. The results showed that no combination of types and doses of compost significantly affected the growth of oil palm seedlings in pre-nursery. Using vermicompost can significantly increase oil palm seedlings' leaf area and root dry weight. Using compost at a dose of 50 g/polybag increased seedling height, stem diameter, and root dry weight in pre-nursery of oil palm seedlings.

Oil palm seedlings can be grown using either organic or inorganic fertilization; however, organic fertilization is more environmentally beneficial. This study seeks to determine the impact of organic fertilizer type and dosage on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery. This investigation employed a two-factor factorial experimental method arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). The form of organic fertilizer consists of three levels: banana stems, water hyacinth, and manure. The second factor is the organic fertilizer dosage, which consists of three levels: 100g, 250g, and 300g. Five repetitions yielded nine treatment combinations and one control treatment (plants without organic fertilizer ) from these treatments. Observations included plant height, leaf count, stem diameter, fresh crown weight, dried shoot weight, root length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, and root volume. The results demonstrated a significant interaction between the type and dosage of organic fertilizer on the parameters of plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and root volume. The combination that yields the greatest results is 300 grams of manure. Applying organic fertilizer in varying quantities results in superior plant growth compared to the control (without organic fertilizer ).

Limited fertile land encourages the use of subsoil for oil palm nurseries, despite its low organic matter content and dense structure. This study aims to examine the effect of bokashi varieties on the growth of oil palm seedlings in different soil layers. The study was conducted at KP2 Instiper Yogyakarta, Kalikuning Village, Maguwoharjo, Sleman, from January 15 to April 15, 2025 using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely bokashi varieties (NPK control, sugarcane filter cake bokashi, water hyacinth, and LCC) and soil layers (topsoil and subsoil Regosol soil), with a mixing ratio of 1:1. Each treatment combination was repeated five times with a total of 40 seedlings. Data analysis was carried out through analysis of variance, followed by the DMRT test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed a significant interaction between bokashi varieties and soil layers on fresh and dry root weight, where all bokashi showed better results than the NPK control, with water hyacinth bokashi as the best. In conclusion, the use of bokashi, particularly from water hyacinth, can enhance the root growth of oil palm seedlings. These findings recommend the use of local organic materials as an alternative fertilizer for marginal subsoil.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Indonesia commonly cultivated on land that is classified as marginal land such as soil type ultisol with a low fertility rate, so it is necessary to improve the quality of seeds with the use of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and NPK fertilizers. This study aimed (1) to determine the most appropriate type of AMF for oil palm seedling, (2) to determine the dose of NPK fertilizeris best for the growth of oil palm seedlings, (3) to determine whether the response of oil palm seedling stobe determined by the type of NPK fertilizer, (4) to determine the best dose of NPK fertilizer for each type of AMF. Research compiled using factorial treatment design (6 x2) with 5 replications. The first factor is the type of mycorrhizal (M) which consists of 6 levels iem0 (without AMF), m1 (Entrophospora sp. Isolates MV 3 ), m2 (Entrophospora sp. Isolates MV12), m3 (Glomus sp. Isolates MV 4), m4 (Glomus sp. Isolates MV11), and m5 (Glomus sp. Isolates MV13). The second factoris the dose of NPK fertilizer (P) which consists of 2 level p1 (100% of the recommended dose), p2 (75% of the recommended dose). The similarity of variance between treatments were tested with Least Significant Differencetest (LSD) at 5% significance level . The results showed (1) All types of FMA being tested can increase the growth of oil palm seedlings compared without exception AMF Glomus sp. MV isolates 11, (2) dose of NPK fertilizer 100% of recommended doses produce the best growth of oil palm seedlings shown by the fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root,and leaf greenness level, (3) palm seedling growth response to AMF inoculationis not determined by a given dose of NPK fertilizer, (4) there is no optimum dose of NPK fertilizer for each type of AMF were used. Keywords :Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, dose NPK fertilize, oil palm seedling.

Abstract. Suryanti IAP, Purnamasari MI, Prihatna C, Rusmana I, Wahyudi AT, Suwanto A. 2024. Characterization of endophytic bacterial isolates from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings and ramets for their plant growth-promoting potential. Biodiversitas 25: 3775-3788. Using sterile tissue culture to cultivate oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings results in the loss of beneficial endophytic bacteria, which can lead to various growth issues, including abnormal flower development and reduced palm oil production. The study aimed to investigate the potential endophytic bacteria in oil palm seedlings and ramets that serve as plant growth promoters. This research began with isolating and characterizing bacterial isolates with plant growth-promoting traits, then identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In vitro and in vivo growth tests were carried out to assess the prospects of these bacterial isolates. Seventeen bacterial isolates were successfully cultured from oil palm seedlings and ramets (seedlings from tissue culture), with 12 and 5 isolates, respectively, which displayed characteristics of plant growth-promoting bacteria: 88% could produce aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, 18% exhibited nitrogen-fixing abilities, 47% demonstrated phosphate solubilization, and 12% were producers of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) hormone, which. One of the isolates, designated as 3AK, was indicated as the Aeromonas genus, which originates from the environment and has all the plant growth-promoting properties tested qualitatively in this study. In vitro growth testing showed that 3AK isolate had the most significant average lengths for both shoots (4.4±0.4 cm) and roots (8.2±0.5 cm). In the greenhouse experiment (in vivo), the oil palm seedlings treated with bacteria, such as 3AK, exhibited differences in shoot and root dry weight compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. These findings collectively indicate that endophytic bacteria code 3AK is isolated from oil palm root, identified as Aeromonas taiwanensis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and has the potential as a plant growth promoter. Inoculation of Aeromonas taiwanensis strain 3AK and PsJN as Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN (already known as a model for promoting plant growth) was carried out for the first time on the growth of oil palm seedlings.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) holds a very strategic role in the Indonesia economy. Plants that have reached the economical age of 25 years need to be replanted using qualified oil palm seedling. The qualified seedling is obtained through proper fertilization. The combination of NPK fertilizer and organic material of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) which has been given a cellulolytic bacterial consortium can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of oil palm seedlings. The study aimed to determine the effect of giving a combination of OPEFB organic material, cellulolytic bacterial consortium, and NPK fertilizer on the growth of oil palm seedling (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) at main nursery. This experiment used a single factor experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were a 100% NPK, a OPEFB compost, a 50% NPK + OPEFB compost, a 50% NPK + OPEFB + Cellulolytic bacterial consortium, and a OPEFB + cellulolytic bacterial consortium. The results showed that the application of inorganic fertilizers combined with organic fertilizers (a OPEFB compost and a OPEFB + cellulolytic bacterial consortium) had a good effect on each parameter. Giving organic fertilizer without inorganic fertilizer had not affected plant growth on all parameters. Application of a OPEFB compost and a OPEFB + cellulolytic bacterial consortium can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers by 50%.

Abstract—This research aims to determine the interaction between clay soil and organic material on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery, determine the best dose of clay for the growth of pre-nursery oil palm seedlings and determine the best dose of green fertilizer for the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery on soil sand beach. This research was carried out at KP2 Kalikuning INSTIPER Yogyakarta, which is located in Wedomartani Village, Depok District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province, which was carried out in February-May 2023. The research method used a factorial pattern with a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The first factor, clay dosage, consists of 4 classifications, namely 0 g, 100 g, 150 g, and 200 g. The second factor is green manure dosage, which consists of 4 classifications, namely 0 g, 50 g, 75 g, and 100 g. From these two factors, 16 treatment combinations were obtained, and each treatment had 3 replications, so the total number of plants in this study was 48 seeds. The research results showed a real interaction between the combination of clay doses and green fertilizer and the number of leaves. The best treatment combination was a green fertilizer dose of 100 g/seedling with a clay dose of 150 g/seedling. Providing clay in the beach sand planting medium influences the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery, as seen from the parameters of leaf area, fresh root weight, root dry weight, and number of secondary roots. The best dose of clay is 200 g/seedling. Providing green fertilizer influences the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery. Based on seedling height, number of leaves, fresh weight of the crown, fresh weight of the roots, and stem diameter, the best dose of green fertilizer is 50 g/seedling. Keywords: beach sand; clay; green manure; palm oil; pre-nursery.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a type of microbe that can boost root development and plant growth by interacting with plant roots. The goal of this study was to examine how oil palm mill byproducts and PGPR can affect oil palm seedling growth in a pre-nursery. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with factorial treatments. The empty oil palm bunches (EFB) were divided into three levels: soil:compost EFB (1:1), soil:ash EFB (1:1), and a control soil. The second variable was the PGPR dose, which was divided into three levels: chemical fertilizer (control), 20 ml, and 30 ml. Each treatment combination was repeated five times. The research findings were analyzed using analysis of variance to determine the true difference between the treatments tested using Duncan’s multiple range test at 5%. There was no interaction between the administration of EFB and the dose of PGPR in the growth of pre-nursery oil palm seedlings, according to the findings. Oil palm seedlings grew well in EFB compost in a pre-nursery setting. In pre-nursery palm head seedlings, PGPR application at a dose of 20 ml was able to provide good growth. Keywords: Pre-nursery, Empty Fruit Bunch, Organic Fertilizer, PGPR

Liquid organic fertilizer provides nutrients, increases good microorganisms and improves the physical properties of the soil, especially when used in oil palm nurseries. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of providing liquid organic fertilizer and NPK on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery. This research uses a factorial experimental method arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor is liquid organic fertilizer which consists of 4 levels, namely Control/no fertilizer, 3 ml, 5 ml 8 ml. The second factor is NPK which consists of 4 levels, namely N1: Control/no fertilizer, N2: 1 g/plant, N3: 2 g/plant, N4: 3 g/plant. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (anova) with a level of 5%. Data that were significantly different were further tested with DMRT at a level of 5%. The results showed that there was a real interaction between liquid organic fertilizer and NPK on stem diameter. The best growth of oil palm seedlings at a dose of 1 g NPK fertilizer with 8 ml liquid organic fertilizer showed a value of 7.06 mm, a 2 g dose of NPK with a control liquid organic fertilizer showed a value of 7.02 mm, a 2 g dose of NPK and a dose of liquid organic fertilizer 3 ml shows a value of 7.00 mm. Real interaction between liquid organic fertilizer and NPK on crown fresh weight diameter. NPK at a dose of 1 g and POC at a dose of 3 ml showed a value of 6.46 g. Providing liquid organic fertilizer did not have a real effect on oil palm seedlings, while NPK at a dose of 1 g/plant had an effect on oil palm seedlings.

Early-stage oil palm seedlings require organic fertilizer as a growth biostimulant to produce healthy seedlings with optimal growth. Providing oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) compost in a planting medium supplies nutrients, improves the medium, and introduces the biological agent Trichoderma harzianum. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the interaction of NPK fertilizer and T. harzianum-enriched OPEFB compost affected the growth of oil palm seedlings. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatments: three levels of NPK fertilizer (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g. plant-1) and four levels of T. harzianum-enriched OPEFB compost (0, 300, 600, and 900 g. plant-1). The results showed that the interaction of NPK fertilizer and T. harzianum-enriched OPEFB compost only affected root fresh weight, while the independent test revealed that NPK fertilizer affected plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. OPEFB compost affected plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and shoot fresh weight. The application of NPK 2.5 g. plant-1 and T. harzianum-enriched OPEFB compost at a dose of 300 g. plant-1 independently contributed positively to the growth of oil palm seedlings during the pre-nursery stage, where NPK fertilizer was not needed in large amounts. Additionally, the release of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients occurred gradually, making them slowly accessible to plants.

Fertilizer can be applied through soil and leaves. Fertilizer application through leaves is more effective than soil application due to faster nutrient absorption. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying various foliar fertilizer compositions on the growth and performance of oil palm seedlings. The research was conducted from April 2020 to September 2020 at the Oil Palm Nursery Unit at Politeknik Negeri Lampung. A single factor in a completely randomized design with four replications was used in the experiment. The treatment involved the nutrient composition of foliar fertilizer consisting of five levels, namely control (no fertilizer), NPK 20-15-15, NPK 27-18-9, NPK 11-8-6, and NPK 27.5-5.5-4.8. Measurements were made on seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf greenness, rachis length, and leaflet length. The data were analyzed by means of variance, followed by orthogonal contrast if the result was significantly different. The results showed that the application of foliar fertilizers could increase the growth of seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf greenness index, rachis length, and leaflet length. Generally, a foliar fertilizer application gives better results than without a foliar fertilizer application (control). There was no difference in the powder and liquid foliar fertilizer effect on increasing the growth of oil palm seedlings. The formulation of NPK 20-15-15 and NPK 11-8-6 foliar fertilizer had a better effect on the leaf greenness index of oil palm seedlings.