Enhancing elderly passenger safety in within-station metro transfers: A case study of Xujiapeng Station, Wuhan

Accident susceptibility index for a passenger ship-a framework and case study

The highly regulated aviation industry is around 100 years old by now and many large corporations are becoming involved in operations of aircraft. Therefore, aviation regulatory authorities are under pressure to deregulate some aircraft operations activities. However, most safety-sensitive activities, such as who can be carried on board an aircraft in flight, are still regulated under civil aviation regulations. One of the regulations known as 'carriage of passengers on prohibited flights' is directly related to safety of passengers and aircraft. Violation or non-compliance of this regulation may jeopardise the safety of both passengers and the aircraft. This paper illustrates and examines the safety issues by carrying out a case study at a general aviation aircraft operator in Australia, where a non-compliance of this regulation had occurred. The typical flight was carried out as a post-maintenance test flight and members of public were taken on board the flight. The paper also attempts to identify any human factor issue in this case.

One of the barometers determining the progress of life and civilization of a society is the progress and development of information and technology activities used by the community in transportation activities. This study aims to determine the losses suffered by passengers due to the negligence of the bus company and the liability of transportation business actors for passenger losses with a focus on the Maslahah perspective. The research used is empirical juridical research with a Living Case Studies Approach and Conceptual Approach. Data is collected by interview and document study methods. Then the data is processed and analyzed with qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that the responsibility of PT Barumun for the operation of buses that cause losses to passengers in terms of security, comfort, and safety of passengers and their luggage. In the maslahah perspective, the bus company's responsibility for passengers who suffer losses can be done by replacing all losses arising from the operation of the bus in accordance with applicable regulations so as to create benefits for all passengers who want to travel short or long distances by using PT. Barumun bus services.

One of the recent developing technologies of our time is the Vehicle Ad Hoc Network popularly known as VANET which integrates ad hoc wireless network and Cellular technology for achieving intelligent inter-vehicular communication. This is projected towards improving driver and passenger's comfort, safety and road traffic efficiency. Inter-vehicular communication is made possible by passing a message from one vehicle to another through using a reliablerouting protocol. The usage of efficient and reliable routing protocol has created many research areas for Researchers and has helped to ensure end-to-end packet delivery in recent times, regardless of the incessant changing network topology of Vehicle Ad Hoc Network. In this research, Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector RoutingProtocol (AODV) was evaluated against some network performance metrics, such as Packet data loss, Packet delay and throughput using CityMob traffic generator, which is one of the most popular vehicular traffic mobility generators, for generating mobility for the communicating vehicular nodes. We created some communicating vehicular nodes and tested them in different traffic mobility scenarios using AODV routing protocol as our case study. The results we got were far from being verbose as we simulated close to real life traffic mobility and showed that AODV routing protocol thrives better in Simple and Highway traffic mobility model as compared to Improved Manhattan traffic mobility model.

Highways promote economic growth and social development. Traditionally, pavement management considers pavement conditions for maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) decision-making along with system constraints. One of the major tasks of highway agencies is to promote safety. Highway safety involves a complicated interaction of multiple factors. However, it is well established that there is a link between pavement surface friction and safety. Pavement surface characteristics affect the safety and comfort of passengers. Since the pavement management process considers only pavement physical conditions in M&R decision-making, there is a need to include safety indicators in the process to promote both riding comfort and safety. This study aims to integrate the pavement surface friction, that is, the skid resistance, into traditional pavement management. An optimization model has been proposed based on multi-choice goal programming by systematically integrating skid resistance into pavement M&R decision-making along with pavement conditions. Multi-choice goal programming allows setting interval aspirations rather than a fixed target. A case study has been conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed model in managing pavement conditions and pavement skids together. The case study considered five goals related to pavement conditions, skid states, and M&R costs. Interaction among the goals is discussed in different scenarios. The case study also uses friction treatment with traditional pavement management treatments. The model can capture the interaction between pavement conditions and pavement skids and determine the program that best achieves the goals. The proposed method provides a simple approach to selecting a network-level M&R program and obtaining insights into the management of conditions and skid together.

Valuing user external benefits and developing management strategies for metro system underground arcades

Modern cars are complex systems where the passenger safety and comfort are high on the list of the requirements. To this aim, the chance to control the car infotainment system without any contacts represents an advanced feature with a great potential in different applications. In this contribution, a 24 GHz Doppler radar system was specifically designed to investigate the features and current challenges related to the in-cabin detection topic and in detail concerning the radar capability to control the touch-free infotainment system. A case study concerning the contactless adjustment of the car audio system was demonstrated first by identifying the right gesture by exploiting the micro-Doppler analysis and subsequently by extracting the desired volume level from the real fingers’ aperture. To measure the fingers’ aperture, the radar feature to detect movements in the range of millimeters and below was exploited. Moreover, the phase and amplitude imbalance between the two receiving channels was estimated and corrected. Exploiting radars to enable such a kind of features might pave the way to the next generation of advanced cars where the passengers will be able to comfortably control different infotainment systems.KeywordsRadarAutomotiveIn-cabin detectionGesture recognitionMicro-Doppler signatureSafety

The aviation system has experienced an increasing demand over the last decade since it is considered one of the optimal means of transportation. As a result of this increasing demand, aviation organizations have been forced to focus on passenger safety by keeping aircraft airworthy at all times and by investing in the maintenance sector. Recent literature shows that the maintenance sector is still using outdated technology to maintain documentation of an aircraft's maintenance system. This article proposes the use of model-based system engineering (MBSE) as an approach to document aircraft maintenance systems. Systems modeling language (SysML) provides the maintenance system with a more systematic application that would automatically update maintenance records and provide stakeholders with more precise documentation. SysML is expressed through the use of structural and behavioral diagrams for the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EA-6B</i> aircraft. This article also provides a look into the use of SysML in the modeling of complex system architecture and the interaction between various systems. The integration of reliability studies and SysML is showcased through a case study. A failure mode and effect analysis is performed to show the usability of SysML in conducting reliability analysis. This article serves as a foundation for practitioners who aim to use MBSE methodology to solve the current setbacks existing in the maintenance aviation sector.

Intelligent assistants often struggle with the complexity of spatiotemporal models used for understanding objects and environments. The construction and usage of such models demand significant computational resources. This article introduces a novel multilevel spatiotemporal model and a computationally efficient construction method. To facilitate model construction on different levels, we employ a meta-mining technique. Furthermore, the proposed model is specifically designed to excel in foggy environments. As a practical application, we develop an intelligent assistant focused on enhancing subway passenger safety. We present case examples involving jammed objects, such as shoes, in escalator combs. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and method. Specifically, the accuracy of breakdown detection has improved by 10% compared to existing information systems used in subways. Moreover, the time required to build a spatiotemporal model is reduced by 2.3 times, further highlighting the efficiency of our approach. Our research offers a promising solution for intelligent assistants dealing with complex spatiotemporal modeling, with practical applications in ensuring subway passenger safety.

This thesis is about methanol and its application as an alternative marine fuel. Methanol is one of the most commercial chemicals in the world, therefore, its availability as a bunker fuel is not considered a hurdle. Despite of its difficulties related to certain characteristics, such as flammability, the main reason that methanol is currently seriously considered as an alternative marine fuel is that it can easily comply with the strict regulations regarding air pollution in maritime. The main characteristics of methanol are initially presented, as well as its main production methods. The IMO (International Maritime Organization) regulatory framework concerning air pollution and GHG (Green House Gases) is analysed and the potential advantages offered by the methanol use as a marine fuel are presented. A case study of a ship conversion of an existing road ferry for diesel to methanol operation is presented in details, based on the publicly available findings of a research project titled “Sustainable Marine Methanol - SUMMETH”. This project was financed by the Swedish Maritime Administration and the Methanol Institute, was finalized on 2018, and its overall objective was to advance the technological development and provide recommendations for introduction of methanol as an alternative fuel for coastal and inland waterway vessels to reduce their emissions and carbon footprint, targeting mainly north west Europe. More specifically, the study and the present thesis are focused on the engine technology required and the safety measures that have to be adopted, in order for methanol to be a safe option. The presentation of the conversion design of the road ferry M/S Jupiter includes important details regarding the arrangements of the tank room and the machinery. A key aspect of these arrangements is the safety of all passengers. Τhe engine technology options that are capable of using methanol as a marine fuel in order to reduce the air pollutants, i.e. nitrogen and sulfur oxides, particulate matter, as well as carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gas, are analysed. A detailed comparison of air pollutants and GHG from methanol with those that are generated from diesel, follows. Green methanol is also considered as it drastically reduces GHG in the carbon cycle. The methanol case is also analysed from an economical point of view and is currently considered a rather expensive solution. The findings of this thesis shows that methanol presents promising data regarding availability, environmental performance, engine development and safety measures. As a result, it can be considered as a strong candidate for the alternative fuel sector, especially if certain financial incentives for its use are adopted on a national or European level, in the near future.

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped public transportation dynamics globally, prompting shifts in passenger behavior and payment methods. Concurrently, the rise of fintech and Industry 4.0 has accelerated the adoption of digital payment solutions, aligning with the trend towards cashless societies. This study investigates the impact of the pandemic on the transition from cash to card payments for public transport fares in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Leveraging data from the city's transparency portal, analyses were conducted on passenger numbers, payment methods, and card usage from November 2019 to November 2021. Findings reveal a steady usage of card payments compared to cash, with a notable increase in individual ticket card transactions post-vaccination. Conversely, employer-provided transportation voucher card usage experienced a decline. These trends suggest a preference among users for card-based payments, potentially driven by concerns over direct cash handling and adherence to social distancing guidelines. In conclusion, the study underscores the shifting landscape of public transportation payments in response to the pandemic, highlighting the role of digital solutions in enhancing safety and convenience for passengers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

The condition of railway infrastructure, such as rails, ballasts and sleepers, should always be monitored and analyzed to ensure ride safety and quality for both passengers and freight. It is hard to assess the condition of railway infrastructure due to the existence of various components. The existing condition assessment models are mostly limited to only assess track geometry conditions and structural condition of the railway infrastructure. Therefore, the present research develops a defect-based structural and geometrical condition model of railway infrastructure. The defects of each component are identified and examined through literature and experts in the field. Two main inputs are used to develop the model: (1) the relative weight of importance for components, defects and their categories and (2) defects severities. To obtain the relative weights, the analytic network process (ANP) technique is adopted. Fuzzy logic is used to unify all the different defect criteria and to interpret the linguistic condition assessment grading scale to a numerical score. Hence, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to integrate both weights and severities to determine the railway infrastructure condition. The developed model gives a detailed condition of the railway infrastructure by representing a three-level condition state, for defect categories, components and an overall railway infrastructure. The developed model is implemented to five case studies from Ontario, Canada. The developed model is validated by comparing its results with the real case studies results, which shows similar results, indicating the robustness of the developed model. This model helps in minimizing the inaccuracy of railway condition assessment through the application of severity, uncertainty mitigation and robust aggregation

Recent attacks on train facilities and passengers in different cities of the world have turned attention to the security risks in the rail transportation system and the need to prevent, eradicate and manage the risks and the consequences. The disruptive impacts on the efficiency of transport systems and the safety and security of passengers and assets have become a major concern to the government and management of Dubai Metro. The ability to meet the security needs of passengers is therefore of vital importance and requires the creation of a secure environment for passengers, staff and the facilities of the Metro. This research evaluates the present security systems in place at the Dubai Metro lines to forestall terrorist attacks and manage the aftermath of emergent crises effectively with minimal loss or damage to the system. The evaluation aims to determine the extent to which emerging social factors and emergencies and the impacts are taken into consideration concerning existing planned action to formulate deferred action suitable to meet the challenges of the current situation. This is with the view of designing an improved Metro line security system that will enable the organization and the security personnel to act purposefully in the face of terrorist attacks or any form of crime. Dubai is described as the fourth most-visited city in the world based on the number of international visitors and is the fastest growing city. A fast, modern and reliable transportation system is therefore required to move people around the city. A case study using Dubai and the Dubai Metro Line system was adopted in this research investigation to provide a qualitative interpretation of the study phenomenon. The study examines how the management of the Dubai Metro line plan for emergent situations to forestall and manage terror attacks on the rail transportation system. It examines iii how the organization reacts to emergencies which describe the evolutionary and random changes of relationships between agents and different organization systems. The study also examines how such interactions facilitate the development of new systems. The theory of deferred action which is a design and action theory was applied to evaluate the three meta-design dimensions namely planned action (rational design), emergence and deferred action or modalities. This was applied to determine how planning for emergent situations required a fluid system that allows changes and adaptability of security systems to coping with current emerging situations. The three dimensions and constructs of the theory of deferred action helped the formulation of the research framework which enhanced the research design, investigation, data collection, analysis and interpretation of results using an interpretive qualitative methodology. Different sets of data were collected using in-depth interviews, focus groups and document analysis for a comprehensive and holistic view of the study phenomenon. The data set was analysed using thematic analysis which identified concepts and themes that showed the planned action (real systems) of the metro line in terms of its organisational infrastructures, organisational framework and resource developments that are constantly reviewed in line with the current trend in rail operations and security. The data also showed the efforts of the organisation to plan for emergencies in terms of security training and the involvement of passengers through awareness and feedback mechanisms. The findings also showed how the organisation created a fluid system that easily merges the planning for emergent situations into the existing planned action of the security system to create a deferred action (system) to deal with any emergency crises at any time. The study concludes that the management of the security system of the Dubai Metro line has put in place structures and systems that can enhance the improvement and the development of the MetPass model required to forestall and manage crises. The MetPass model has extended the deferred action by enforcing its concepts in the analytical tool, for the Dubai Metro Trains security management system. This is an adjustment of the theory in practice. The research further approved that deferred action is necessary for security systems development in emergent organizations.

This paper will present the development of an integrated road safety strategy in a new system of public transport in Yogyakarta, called Trans Jogja, is to address key concerns such as its facilities and safety equipment in three areas; in the bus, in the shelter, and around the shelter. Besides safety for ordinary passengers, safety for disabled persons are also important to be analyzed, since public facilities, such as public transport, should be able to be used by all citizens. Considering that many other modes of public transport in Indonesia do not pay attention to the facilities for disabled persons, this paper aims to analyze whether Trans Jogja did the same things or in contrast, facilitated for disabled persons completely, including their safety. The most affected facilities which make the biggest probability of passengers using the Trans Jogja are shelters, ramps and zebra crossings. Analysis was carried out using a probit model and based on their conditions the probability to use public transport are 42% for ordinary passengers and 61% for disabled passengers.

Transit agencies across the country of every size are successfully using onboard camera applications for their buses for safety and security of bus operators and passengers, and they are reaping financial benefits while doing so. This synthesis provides practical examples of the technologies and opportunities currently in operation at large, medium, and small transit agencies across the country. It focuses on their collection of the media images, what they use them for, and how they keep up with the fast advances of surveillance technology. The study was undertaken to explore the current technologies, research, and opportunities, and to provide examples of how surveillance systems are used to improve operations, safety, security, training, and customer satisfaction. Thirty-two transit agencies responded to the electronic survey sent to 40 agencies, yielding an 80% (32/40) response rate. Based on the survey and in-depth interviews after the survey, five agencies were able to provide information for case examples of the details of their programs and their applications. All of the agencies that responded to the electronic survey achieved their goals of improving safety and security, as well as deterring criminal activity and reducing accident claims. Through coordination and support from multiple departments, the entire agency and public can reap the benefits from camera applications. Most important, customers and bus operators feel more secure and safer. Meanwhile, the agencies feel the impact of a reduction in legal claims payouts and decreased workers’ compensation awards so much that they are measuring their return on investment.