Enhancement of corrosion resistance in thermal desalination plants by diamond like carbon coating

A review of hybrid desalination systems for co-production of power and water: analyses, methods, and considerations

Desalination is considered one of the most viable and technically feasible strategies for the production of freshwater from saline solutions (brackish water, seawater and brine). Thousands of membrane and thermal desalination plants operate daily in many countries around the world, with thermal desalination plants being more advantageous especially in areas with cheap energy. Stainless steel is a reliable material choice for thermal desalination plants due to excellent properties such as stability and minimum maintenance requirements. However, corrosion can cause catastrophic failures in stainless steel due to high temperatures and corrosive environments. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of stainless steel grades (austenitic, super austenitic, duplex, super duplex and hyper duplex) that have been and can be used in thermal desalination and brine treatment applications and discuss their opportunities and challenges. In terms of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, the grades of stainless steel are compared. Thus, for each grade, an application area is suggested to minimize the possibility of material failure. Furthermore, this review discusses recent trends in stainless steel corrosion control and anti-corrosion materials and methods.

Integrated experimental and theoretical approach for corrosion and wear evaluation of laser surface nitrided, Ti–6Al–4V biomaterial in physiological solution

With the aim of evaluating the properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, a comparison is made between tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films fabricated by the double-bend-filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) method using no material gas and hydrogenerated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films fabricated by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using a hydrocarbon gas. It was found that the ta-C films are superior to the a-C:H films in terms of both wear resistance and combustion resistance. It was also determined that this superiority applies for ultra thin films as well.

Improvement of corrosion protection property of Mg-alloy by DLC and Si–DLC coatings with PBII technique and multi-target DC–RF magnetron sputtering

Silane coatings for mitigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion of mild steel

Corrosion and scratch resistance of DLC coatings applied on chromium molybdenum steel

In this study, we investigated the efficacy of SiOx-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for enhancing the corrosion resistance of raster steel linear scales. The research work highlights the significant role of DLC film materials in enhancing corrosion resistance, making them a promising solution for various industrial applications. The Raman spectroscopy analysis of SiOx-doped DLC films, synthesized via a direct ion beam technique with HMDSO vapor, revealed prominent D and G bands characteristic of amorphous carbon materials, with a high degree of disorder indicated by an ID/IG ratio of 1.85. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the amorphous nature of the SiOx-doped DLC films and the minimal impact of the DLC deposition process on the underlying crystalline structure of steel. UV–Vis-NIR reflectance spectra of SiOx-doped DLC on stainless steel demonstrated improvements in the blue wavelength region compared to stainless steel with ripples alone, which is beneficial for applications utilizing blue light. Corrosion tests, including immersion in a 5% salt solution and salt spray testing, showed that SiOx-doped DLC-coated stainless steel exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to uncoated steel, with no significant signs of corrosion observed after extended exposure. These findings underscore the potential of SiOx-doped DLC coatings to provide long-term corrosion protection and maintain the structural integrity and surface quality of steel components in harsh environments.

Effect of diamond-like carbon (DLC) on the properties of the NiTi alloys

Abstract

TiN and TiCN coatings have garnered widespread attentions in the field of materials science and engineering because of their exceptional characteristics, including high melting point, excellent thermal conductivity, remarkable chemical stability, superior corrosion and wear resistance, and notable biocompatibility. These properties make them highly suitable for coating various alloys, and as a result, they have been successfully applied in numerous applications. The aim of this research study is to delve into the corrosion behavior of spark plasma sintered NiTi substrates that were coated with TiN and TiCN employing physical vapor deposition (cathodic arc technology). In order to comprehensively analyze the corrosion response, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were employed. To gain deeper insights into the impact of the coating, a meticulous comparison was conducted between the corrosion resistance of the uncoated specimen and that of the coated ones. The results showcased a significant enhancement in corrosion resistance for both coated samples when compared to the uncoated NiTi substrate. However, it was found that the TiN-coated specimen showed even higher corrosion resistance than the TiCN-coated counterpart. These findings highlight the superiority of TiN coatings in terms of corrosion resistance when applied on the NiTi substrate.

In order to ensure long-term sustainability of the reservoir, the gas industry in Qatar is faced with the challenge of reducing the volume of produced and process water (PPW) sent to disposal wells by 50% [1-3]. Recently, Qatargas initiated a project to recycle process water and thus, reduce disposal volumes using commercial advanced water treatment technologies [4]. One emerging technology, “osmotic concentration” (OC) has been identified that offers a low-energy alternative to conventional thermal or membrane volume reduction methods. Osmotic concentration is a membrane filtration process that mimics first step in a forward osmosis (FO) system. It requires a high salinity draw solution (DS) which passes on one side of a semi-permeable FO membrane while the feed passes on the other side. Water from the feed is drawn through the membrane, via natural osmosis, reducing the feed volume and increasing the volume of the draw solution. This paper summarizes the results of bench-scale volume reduction tests wit...

Corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity of diamond-like carbon (DLC), titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbo-nitride (TiCN) films coated on AISI 316L grade stainless steel were investigated. All films were deposited on the stainless steel substrates using a cathodic arc plasma deposition-physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique. Film compositions were measured using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Contact angle was measured using contact angle measurement. Corrosion resistance was determined using potentiodynamic polarization. Cell viability was analysed using cytotoxicity test. The results show that all films are more hydrophilic (80.75° to 87.79°) than uncoated stainless steel sample (96.63°). Moreover, TiCN, DLC and TiN films have good potential corrosion resistance values of -0.353 V, -0.58 V and -0.68 V, respectively. This is due to the formation of titanium carbides and the sp3 sites structure of DLC film. Meanwhile, DLC film appears to be the most biocompatible with the highest cell viability of 104%.

Biomaterials are now widely being used as coatings over different medical implants and devices to prevent the implants and medical devices from the environment they interact with; to be precise the coatings prohibit any unwanted biocompatibility issue. A research was carried out on stainless steel disks that commonly become the very foundation of the medical implants such as artificial hip bones or other plates that are used invasively for fixation of fracture. For the purpose of coating Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) coating was used because they can be coated on wide range of materials that include: metals, ceramics, glasses and plastics. The DLC coatings exhibit low friction, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and biocompatible properties. The DLC coatings when combined with different elements can be tempered as per required. Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) coatings with various Silicon and Fluorine content were deposited on 10mm 316L Stainless Steel disks. The samples were investigated for their surface energies and their corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance behavior was tested in 4 different testing solutions, which were the Phosphate Buffer Saline, 3.5% NaCl and two different concentrations of HCl. To test the surface energies, contact angle measurement was adopted and the result showed significant decrease in the total surface energy for the Fluorinated coatings. While potentio-dynamic polarization test method were performed for testing the corrosion resistance properties of the samples. The corrosion rates revealed that 20.7% F-DLC coating had promising results which was showing the best corrosion resistance; also the 19.7% Si-doped DLC had the best corrosion resistance in its class.

The influence of protective coatings on corrosion resistance in orthodontic magnets: A systematic review of in vitro studies.