Enhanced thioether formation in stormwater pipes induced by nitrogen-containing pollutants: The role of the sediment microbiome.

Enhanced removal of thioethers from stormwater pipe overflows by coagulation and oxidation treatment: Removal performance, reaction kinetics, and ecotoxicity.

Malodorous volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) formation after dewatering of wastewater sludge: Correlation with the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial communities

Validation of the Sample Preservation and Analysis of Dimethyl Disulfide and Dimethyl Trisulfide in Tap Water and Source Water

Direct discharge of sewage to natural water through illicitly connected urban stormwater systems: An overlooked source of dissolved organic matter

The responses of normal male hamsters to the odors of several components of estrous female hamster vaginal discharge (FHVD) were quantified with a two-bottle preference test in order to clarify the role of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) in the attraction of males to females. These two compounds were originally isolated and identified in two separate, behaviorally active fractions of FHVD, one containing DMDS and the second containing DMTS. However, only authentic DMDS proved to be attractive to males; DMTS was inactive in the amounts tested (50 ng to 10 μg). When smaller amounts of highly purified samples of DMTS (0.03–3.32 ng) are assayed, measurable amounts of activity are obtained. This activity of authentic DMTS is not due to any intrinsic activity of its own but rather can be ascribed to the activity of the residual DMDS (0.07%) that it contains. Highly purified samples of authentic DMDS (containing 0.03% DMTS) were again found to be attractive to males. Doses as small as 500 fg were significantly active when compared to controls. Arguments are presented suggesting that the behaviorally effective dose of DMDS is several orders of magnitude less than 500 fg. Deliberate mixtures of DMDS and DMTS failed to show any synergistic effects. In fact, at the two lowest doses examined (0.1 and 0.46 ng total sulfides), the response obtained with the mixture was smaller than that expected if DMDS were the only odorant in the solution. Therefore, DMTS seems to suppress the activity of DMDS.

Tracking the source of antibiotic resistome in the stormwater network drainage in the presence of sewage illicit connections

The regulation of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) concentrations in new-make grain spirit in the Scotch whisky industry are important because these polysulfides are significant flavor congeners. Methional could be a precursor in the pathway of DMDS and DMTS formation; therefore, the relationship between wash methional concentrations at the end of fermentation and DMDS and DMTS in spirit from two stills operating in parallel was investigated. Methional from wash and DMDS and DMTS from spirit were measured by purging them onto Tenax adsorbent and then injecting the volatiles onto a GC column using thermal desorption and cryogenic focusing. Sulfur compounds eluting from the column were quantified using a sulfur-specific Sievers chemiluminescence detector. Methional added as a “spike” to wash and DMDS and DMTS added as spikes to spirit had recoveries of 104.5, 103.9, and 98.3% respectively. This established the validity of the analytical technique. Concentrations of methional varied in wash from ≈50 to 710 μg/L. There was a linear positive correlation between wash methional and DMDS during two periods of distillery production (P < 0.01 for period 1 and P < 0.001 for period 2) investigated. Linear correlations between wash methional and DMTS were also found during period 2 (P < 0.001); however, correlations were only significant during period 1 (P < 0.1, still 1 and P < 0.05, still 2). In conclusion, DMDS and DMTS concentrations in new-make spirit are related to the concentration of methional in wash, although operation of stills can in particular modulate the final DMTS concentrations.

Locating illicit connections in storm water sewers using fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing

Odor emission is one of the most common problems associated with dead animals composting. Biofiltration treatment for eliminating exhaust odors formed during dead pigs and manure composting has been studied. The composting and biofiltration process consisted of two series of tests. Composting experimental trials lasted 6 weeks, and composting was performed using six pilot-scale reactor vessels. A total of 37 kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the air were identified, and temporal variations were determined during the 42 days of composting. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), and trimethylamine (TMA) were identified as the main odors VOCs component according to odor active values (OAVs). Nine biofilter vessels containing mature compost were used in studying the effect of different (30, 60, and 100 s) empty bed retention times (EBRT) on the simultaneous removal efficiencies (REs) of NH3, DMS, DMDS, DMTS, and TMA. Results indicated that the inlet concentration of NH3 applied was 12–447 mg m−3, and the average removal efficiencies were 85.4%, 88.7%, and 89.0% for EBRTs of 30, 60, and 100 s, respectively. The average REs of DMS, DMDS, DMTS, and TMA were 79.2%–95.4%, 81.9%–94.0%, 76.7%–99.1%, and 92.9%–100%, respectively, and their maximum elimination capacity (ECs) were 220, 1301, 296, and 603 mg m−3 h−1, respectively. The optimal EBRT for the stimulation removal of NH3, DMS, DMDS, DMTS, and TMA was 60 s. Implications: Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), and trimethylamine (TMA) were identified as the main odors VOCs component during dead pigs and manure composting. Biofilter with mature as media can be used to stimulation remove NH3, DMS, DMDS, DMTS, and TMA, the optimal empty bed retention times EBRT was 60 s.

Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) are used by saprophilous insects to locate breeding sites (decaying organic matter), and by brood-site deceptive flowers to attract such insects. However, little is known about the relative importance of these two compounds in eliciting electrophysiological and behavioral responses in the insects. Here, we compared the relative attractiveness of DMDS and DMTS to saprophilous flies in field choice experiments and tested whether potential differences in field responses can be explained by differences in electrophysiological antennal responses to these compounds. Field experiments revealed that the attractiveness of a mixture of these compounds is due to DMTS alone. This result was confirmed by electroantennographic recordings in which flies of four tested species of Calliphoridae (Lucilia sericata, L. caesar, Calliphora vicina, Protocalliphora azurea) and one Muscidae (Musca domestica) respond clearly to DMTS, but not to DMDS. In house flies, however, DMTS elicited electrophysiological responses only, not reflected in behavioral assays. Despite the fact that DMTS and DMDS exhibit similar chemical structures, both the electroantennographic and field responses from saprophilous flies to these two compounds strongly differed. Our study suggests that oligosulfide-responsive saprophilous flies rely on DMTS and not DMDS for finding appropriate breeding sites and that DMTS and not DMDS could act as a key mediator for pollinator attraction in brood-site deceptive plants.

The liquid structure of some food aromas: Joint X-ray diffraction, all-atom molecular dynamics and reverse Monte Carlo investigations of dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide

Factors influencing on the formation of dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide in model systems

Mechanisms of carrion insect succession have been interpreted separately from interspecific interactions between early and later colonists or from changes in volatile organic compounds perceived by insects resulting from the progression of decomposition. To link these perspectives, we examined through laboratory and field experiments whether the modification of volatile organic compounds by early colonists could be a mechanism of succession. In the laboratory experiment, we used Necrophila japonica (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) as an early colonist and examined its effects on the emissions of important volatile attractants for carrion insects, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) from carcasses. We collected DMDS and DMTS, using the static headspace method, under the following conditions: (i) rat carcass, (ii) rat carcass with artificial damage to the abdomen, (iii) rat carcass fed on by 10 Ne. japonica individuals, and (iv) 10 Ne. japonica individuals, and analyzed the collected gases using a gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer. After 12 and 30 h, carcasses fed on by Ne. japonica emitted higher concentrations of DMDS and DMTS than in other conditions. In the field experiment, we examined the effects of DMDS and DMTS on the attraction of carrion insects using traps baited with a mixture of DMDS and DMTS, hexane (odors unrelated to carcasses), or an empty microtube. Traps baited with DMDS and DMTS attracted more necrophagous species and individuals than traps not baited with this combination. These results showed that accelerated emissions of DMDS and DMTS from carcasses caused by early colonists may contribute to community assembly during carrion insect succession.

A strain of Rhodococcus ruber was isolated from the rhizosphere of Spartina alterniflora. The VOCs released by this strain effectively promote the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and inhibit several plant pathogenic fungi, including Bipolaris sorokiniana, Cryphonectria parasitica, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium pseudograminearum, and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. SPME/GC–MS analysis revealed that the strain produces dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), with DMDS being the predominant component of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It was observed that the growth of A. thaliana was enhanced under fumigation with DMDS and DMTS. Furthermore, these compounds effectively inhibited the aforementioned plant pathogenic fungi, with DMTS demonstrating a lethal effect on plant pathogenic fungi. Previous studies have confirmed that DMDS and DMTS promote the growth of A. thaliana. In this study, we found that DMTS could significantly enhance plant growth and inhibit plant pathogenic fungi even at low dosages. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the growth-related genes of A. thaliana were significantly upregulated in response to treatment with VOCs from R. ruber. Additionally, VOCs induced changes in multiple plant defense response genes and promoted the C4 pathway.

Experimental and theoretical investigation on degradation of dimethyl trisulfide by ultraviolet/peroxymonosulfate: Reaction mechanism and influencing factors