Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program for Radical Cystectomy

Enhanced Recovery Protocol after Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer

Enhanced recovery: joining the dots

(Objectives) The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are standardized and multimodal perioperative care pathways designed to improve surgical outcomes by minimizing stress response and inflammation following surgery. First adopted in colorectal surgery, ERAS is now being employed in various other types of surgeries, most recently in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Implementation of ERAS protocols resulted in reductions in perioperative complication rates and length of hospital stay (LOS). However, information on the adoption of ERAS in patients undergoing RC in Japan is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ERAS implemented in the Toyohashi Municipal Hospital in 2017 for the management of patients with RC. (Patients and methods) This was a retrospective study of 103 patients who underwent RC and urinary diversion from January 2012 to March 2019. Of the 103 patients, 71 underwent surgery prior to the introduction of the ERAS were allocated to the 'traditional' group, while 32 were exposed to the ERAS protocol were allocated to the 'ERAS' group. In this study, ERAS included no bowel preparation, preoperative carbohydrate loading, preoperative fluid reduction, preoperative fasting, reduced drainage use, no nasogastric intubation, and early postoperative drinking and eating. A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate LOS and postoperative complication rate (Clavien classification ≥2) after RC between the 'traditional' and 'ERAS' groups. (Results) Patient characteristics and intraoperative variables such as median age, sex, body mass index, clinical and pathological cancer stage, amount of bleeding, need for transfusion, and technique of urinary diversion did not differ between groups. However, duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the ERAS group than in the traditional group (402 min vs. 470 min; P = 0.03). Further, rate of complication was significantly lower (43.8% vs. 67.6%; P=0.03) and LOS after RC was significantly shorter (21 days vs. 28 days; P<0.001) in the ERAS group compared to the traditional group. Moreover, ERAS was an independent factor affecting shorter LOS after RC (OR, 5.22; 95% CI, 1.52-17.90; P = 0.009) in multivariate analyses. (Conclusions) It is possible that the ERAS protocol adopted in this study reduced the LOS and postoperative complication rate after RC at this site in Japan.

Even with advances in perioperative medical care, anesthetic management, and surgical techniques, radical cystectomy (RC) continues to be associated with a high morbidity rate as well as a prolonged length of hospital stay. In recent years, there has been great interest in identifying multimodal and interdisciplinary strategies that help accelerate postoperative convalescence by reducing variation in perioperative care of patients undergoing complex surgeries. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) attempts to evaluate and incorporate scientific evidence for modifying as many of the factors contributing to the morbidity of RC as possible, and optimize how patients are cared for before and after surgery. In this chapter, we review the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative elements of using an ERAS protocol for RC.

Background Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 430 000 new cases in 2012. Bladder cancer has more than 130,000 deaths per year worldwide, with an estimated male: female ratio of 3.8:1.0. Aim of the Work to examine the current evidence for ERAS in preoperative, intraoperative and post-operative setting of care for RC patients, to propose ERAS evidence-based protocol for patients undergoing Radical Cystectomy in Egypt environment and to compare the effectiveness of ERAS versus standard care on perioperative outcomes after cystectomy including Length of Hospital Stay,bowel movement, Complications and Readmission Rate in 30Day. Patients and Methods This is a prospective randomized comparative study done at the urology departments of Ain Shams University and Nasser institute for research and treatment in 2018. Forty patients were included in this study who were indicated For Radical Cystectomy. They were recruited and randomized in two groups: Group A: where they followed enhanced recovery after Surgery protocols and Group B: where they followed the the classic pre-operative and post-operative protocols. Results We finished to that Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in radical cystectomy is safe and not associated with any increase in intraoperative and post-operative complications compared to standard protocol. It is associated with reductions in the length of hospital stay, time to return to full diet, time to flatulence, time for defecation and pain post-operative. There is no difference in 30 day readmission rate between ERAS and Standard Care. Our prospective randomized controlled trial covers most of the items recommended for ERAS excluding the use of a laparoscopic or robotic approach, Audit, and use of alvimopan, a peripherally acting μ-opioid antagonist, which is not available in Egypt. Our study reveals many issues that need to be considered when designing a larger more powered study. Conclusion Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in radical cystectomy is safe and not associated with any increase in intraoperative and post-operative complications compared to standard protocol. It is associated with reductions in the length of hospital stay, time to return to full diet, time to flatulence, time for defecation and pain post operative. There is no difference in 30 day readmission rate between ERAS and Standard Care.

P-0154 Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (Eras) Program Versus Conventional Perioperative Care in Patients Undergoing Major Gastrointestinal Surgical Procedures

MP5-07 AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF VARIATION IN INTENSITY OF SURVIVORSHIP CARE AND ITS EFFECT ON KIDNEY CANCER-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL

Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, the procedure is associated with high complication rate up to 60%. Most of the patients have high surgical risk with advanced age and multiple comorbidities. Operation procedure is technically demanding. Hemorrhage, infection, bowel-related complications are common after radical cystectomy. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol has been used in colorectal surgery and has been proven to reduce complication rates and shorten hospital stay. In recent years, many centres has implemented ERAS on patients undergoing radical cystectomy with good results. This chapter will review the current evidence and different aspects of ERAS.

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Purpose: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol has proven to lower both length of stay and recovery time, while being cost-effective at the same time. There are three ERAS protocols implemented for radical cystectomy (RC). All of those were published by different institutions, such as the European Association of Urology, the Société Internationale d'Urologie, and the American Urological Association. We modified and proposed ERAS components from preoperative care until postoperative care to evaluate the implementation of ERAS for RC. Standard ERAS protocol is not fully applicable in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital due to financial factors and the limited list of drugs available to choose from our universal health coverage prescription system; thus, we had to make some modifications. This study aims at evaluating the preliminary results of an implementation of modified ERAS protocol in RC at our hospital. Materials and Methods: A cohort retrospective study of 21 consecutive patients who underwent RC (9 ERAS vs. 12 non-ERAS). The primary outcomes were the reduced length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization cost. The secondary outcomes included less intraoperative blood loss, faster bowel movement, lower transfusion rates, and decreased readmission rates. Results: Patients with ERAS had lower blood loss (ERAS median [range]: 1100 [500–2000] ml vs. 1650 [100–3000] ml for non-ERAS, P = 0.219), lower transfusion rates (ERAS: 55.6% vs. 91.7% for non-ERAS, P = 0.119), and fewer readmissions (ERAS: 0% vs. 8.3% for non-ERAS, P = 1.000). Bowel movement was faster in ERAS group (ERAS mean [range]: 6.11 ± 2.977 [3.00–12.00] h vs. 12.50 ± 5.385 [6.00–24.00] h for non-ERAS, P = 0.005). Duration of hospitalization was shorter with ERAS (5 [3–7] days) than without ERAS (8 [5–20] days, P = 0.003). The total mean costs were significantly higher in the non-ERAS group compared to the ERAS group ($1529 ± 346 for ERAS vs. $2580 ± 1415 for non-ERAS, P=0.028). Conclusion: Modified ERAS protocols for RC at our institution reduced the LOS and hospitalization cost and lead to faster bowel movement and no readmission.

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Hospital Charges and Length of Stay Following Radical Cystectomy in the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Era

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal pathway that provides evidence-based guidance for improving perioperative care and outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. In 2013, the ERAS society released its original guidelines for radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BC), adopting much of its supporting data from colorectal literature. In the last decade, growing interest in ERAS has increased RC-specific ERAS research, including prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Collective data suggest ERAS contributes to improved complication rates, decreased hospital length-of-stay, and/or time to bowel recovery. Various institutions have adopted modified versions of the ERAS pathway, yet there remains a lack of consensus on the efficacy of specific ERAS items and standardization of the protocol. In this review, we summarize updated evidence and practice patterns of ERAS pathways for RC since the introduction of the original 2013 guidelines. Novel target interventions, including use of immunonutrition, prehabilitation, alvimopan, and methods of local analgesia are reviewed. Finally, we discuss barriers to implementing and future steps in advancing the ERAS movement.

The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway was formulated with the aim to reduce surgical stress response, alleviate pain and guarantee the best-fit experience of patients' perioperative period. However, the application of ERAS in geriatric patients who underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) was relatively lacking. We hypothesize that UKA patients can benefit from the ERAS protocol. A total of 238 patients were recruited in this retrospective study from August 2018 to December 2021, and Oxford phase III UKA was applied to all patients. ERAS pathway included nutrition support, anesthesia mode, interoperative temperature, and blood pressure control, application of tranexamic acid, early initiation of oral intake and mobilization, and pain management. Demographic data, operation-relative variables, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Forgotten Joint Scores, Oxford Knee Score, Lysholm score, numerical rating scale, and knee range of motion were introduced to estimate the activity function and pain of surgical knee, and these variables were compared between the 2 groups. There were 117 patients in the ERAS group and 121 patients in the traditional group, respectively. The ERAS group had a shorter length of surgical incision and less intraoperative blood loss. Postoperative hemoglobin and albumin of patients in the ERAS group were better than those in the traditional group (P < .05), after 17.0 ± 10.8 months follow-up, the numerical rating scale, Lysholm, Oxford Knee Score, Forgotten Joint Scores, and knee range of motion of patients in the ERAS group were significantly better than the traditional group. The length of hospital stay for patients who underwent ERAS was 11.7 ± 3.8 days and the postoperative complication rate was lower for the ERAS group patients (P = .000 and 0.031). ERAS can reduce the length of hospital stay, and patients can achieve excellent postoperative knee function. The formulation and implementation of the ERAS protocol require good collaboration across multiple disciplines, as well as a deep understanding of the existing clinical evidence and the concept of the ERAS program.

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