Abstract
Antioxidant phenolic compounds (PCs) are gaining popularity day by day for their health promoting properties. Wheat is a very good source of natural antioxidant PCs. In the present study, extraction of PCs was improved by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of wheat by Rhizopus oryzae RCK2012 which helped to release the bound compounds from matrix. Different extraction conditions such as solvent composition (water, methanol, 70% methanol, ethanol, 70% ethanol, acetone and 70% acetone), extraction temperature (30–60°C), extraction time (15–90min) and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:2.5 to 1:20, w/v) have been optimized for the extraction of PCs from R. oryzae fermented wheat. Maximum PCs were extracted by water at 40°C within 45min with solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:15 (w/v). Compositional analysis of PCs was carried out by UPLC and TLC. Improved ABTS+ [2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacities, ferric reducing property and in vivo antioxidant capacity using Saccharomyces cerevisiae were observed in case of freeze-dried water extract of fermented wheat as compared to unfermented sample. Hence, SSF could be a promising technology to enhance the production and extraction of phenolic compounds for the design of different functional foods and for the specific use as nutraceuticals.
Highlights
Antioxidant phenolic compounds (PCs) are gaining popularity day by day for their health promoting properties
Present study demonstrates that solid-state fermentation (SSF) of wheat by R. oryzae RCK2012 is a very fruitful method for the enhancement of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential
On the basis of the results obtained, it is clearly indicated that water extract of ROFW has strong antioxidant property against several in vitro and an in vivo oxidative system compared to unfermented wheat
Summary
Antioxidant phenolic compounds (PCs) are gaining popularity day by day for their health promoting properties. Wheat is a very good source of natural antioxidant PCs. In the present study, extraction of PCs was improved by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of wheat by Rhizopus oryzae RCK2012 which helped to release the bound compounds from matrix. Extraction of PCs was improved by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of wheat by Rhizopus oryzae RCK2012 which helped to release the bound compounds from matrix Different extraction conditions such as solvent composition (water, methanol, 70% methanol, ethanol, 70% ethanol, acetone and 70% acetone), extraction temperature (30–60 C), extraction time (15–90 min) and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:2.5 to 1:20, w/v) have been optimized for the extraction of PCs from R. oryzae fermented wheat. SSF has gained a considerable attention for the production and extraction of antioxidant phenolics from plant materials, mainly pulses and cereals [21]
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