Abstract
Phase composition and microstructure play important roles in the linearity of piezoelectric ceramics. In this study, (1-x)(K0.48Na0.52)(Nb0.6Sb0.4)O3-xBi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5ZrO3 (KNNS-BNKZ) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared at different sintering temperatures with different doping ratios by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The effects of doping ratio and sintering temperature on the phase composition, microstructure, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramic samples were analyzed. The values of the displacement stimulated by a DC voltage in the range 100–1800 V were then measured. Mathematical models were established via linear regression analyses, and the values of the correlation coefficient R2 were discussed. The sample sintered at 1140 °C with x = 0.0375 exhibited the best linearity, which was ascribed mainly to the coexistence of a tetragonal and rhombohedral phase and the maximum grain size. As a consequence, this sample could be used in open-loop control actuators with a precision of 0.01 µm without compensating for the error in nonlinearity. It was found that the linearity of piezoelectric ceramics could be enhanced by increasing the grain size in the morphotropic phase boundary region. This study demonstrated a possible solution to the nonlinearity issues of piezoelectric ceramics in actuator applications from a materials perspective.
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