Enhanced interfacial wettability change materials based on graphene-doped Pb–Te–Si glass frit for wide sintering window of solar cells

Abstract

Glass frits play an essential role in the front silver paste of solar cells. In this study, we prepared a new type of graphene-doped glass frit by hydrothermal reaction. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) indicates that the doped glass frit has a smaller particle size and a larger surface area, which promotes front contact metallization. Appropriate contact angles and high-temperature microscopy (HSM) result in excellent wettability, a wide sintering window and etching effects. Graphene-doped multicrystalline silicon solar cells have better photoelectric conversion efficiency (19.10%) that is 0.6% higher than solar cells using traditional glass frits. Through characterization, we further found a large amount of conductive alloy and Ag at the interface, which facilitates electron flow. Therefore, an excellent ohmic contact is formed between the electrode and the n+ emitter, which reduces the contact resistance of the solar cell. This research has prospective guiding significance for the development of new high wettability glass frits for commercial multicrystalline silicon solar cells in the future.