Abstract
Samples of the bimetallic-based NH2-MIL-125(Ti) at a ratio of Mn+/Ti4+ is 0.15 (Mn+: Ni2+, Co2+ and Fe3+) were first synthesized using the solvothermal method. Their fundamental properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption measurements, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The as-acquired materials were used as high-efficiency heterogeneous photocatalysts to remove Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible light. The results verified that 82.4% of the RhB (3 × 10−5 M) was degraded within 120 min by 15% Fe/Ti−MOFs. Furthermore, in the purpose of degrading Rhodamine B (RhB), the rate constant for the 15% Fe/Ti-MOFs was found to be 2.6 times as fast as that of NH2-MIL-125(Ti). Moreover, the 15% Fe/Ti-MOFs photocatalysts remained stable after three consecutive cycles. The trapping test demonstrated that the major active species in the degradation of the RhB process were hydroxyl radicals (HO∙) and holes (h+).
Highlights
Rapid industrial expansion in recent decades has led to a markedly increased discharge of highly hazardous substances into water systems [1]
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the bimetallic doped NH2 -MIL-125(Ti) samples show the signature diffraction peaks corresponding to NH2 -MIL-125(Ti), suggesting that the structures of the Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have entirely stabilized
97.56%, 97.76%, 88.78%, and 17.05%. These results suggest that, in general, lower pH values are more favorable in removing Rhodamine B (RhB) dye
Summary
Rapid industrial expansion in recent decades has led to a markedly increased discharge of highly hazardous substances into water systems [1]. The presence of organic matter, especially colorants, hair dye [2], leather and paper industries [3], and luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) technologies [4] in water streams is usually undesirable, even in small concentrations, because it can obstruct the entry of light and oxygen to the water body, reducing photosynthetic and aquatic creature activity [5]. Despite rapid development regarding a wide array of semiconductor photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation, the quantum yield and solar energy conversion efficiency of photocatalysts remain poor, limiting their practical usage in various field [6,7,8,9]. MOFs have recently been discovered to operate as semiconductors, making them suitable photocatalysts for a variety of reactions [11,12]. NH2 -MIL-125(Ti), which has the chemical formula Ti8 O8 (OH) (BDC-NH2 ) , contains an amine functionalized with the
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