Abstract
The aim of this work was to find a natural product and efficient dose to control early blight in tomato crop in agro-ecological or conventional agriculture system. The treatments were essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Piper hispidinervum, Cymbopogon martini, Rosmarinus officinalis, Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Mentha piperita, Citrus sinensis var. dulcis, and Melaleuca alternifolia used against Alternaria solani in Solanum lycopersicum under greenhouse conditions. In vitro, mycelial growth and conidia germination were completely inhibited by C. zeylanicum, C. martini, C. citratus, and S. aromaticum oils of 750 μL L-1, E. citriodora and M. alternifolia at 2000 μL L-1, and Mentha piperita in 5000 μL L-1. In tomato, plants under greenhouse conditions, early blight in leaf was inhibited by C. zeylanicum, C. martini, C. citratus, and S. aromaticum at 750 μL L-1, and E. citriodora oil of 5000 μL L-1. The best results for MIC 50 and 90 with minor dose to control was essential oil from C. citratus at 341.32 and 1.822.10 µL L-1 rich in geranial (46.91%), neral (34.34%), and geranyl acetate (6.30%). Therefore, it is possible to use this essential oils or manufacture a new and efficient product to control Alternaria solani in tomato plants. Key words: Agroecology, Alternaria solani, Cimbopogon sp., Eucalyptus sp., Neral, Solanum lychopersicon.
Highlights
Plant diseases are caused by fungi, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses, among which fungi are the main pathogens, causing great yield losses in numerous important crops (Huang et al, 2010)
The present work aimed at advancing applied research by evaluating, through preventive applications, the effect of different doses of essential oils from 10 plant species on conidium germination and mycelial growth in vitro as well as their controlling action, in vivo, on the severity of early blight caused by A. solani in the leaves of S. lycopersicum Mill. cv
The experimental design was in randomized blocks in 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with 6 replicates; 5 essential oils (C. citratus, E. citriodora, C. martini, S. aromaticum, and C. zeylanicum) were used at 4 concentrations (0, 500, 750, and 1000 μL L-1), except for E. citriodora (0, 750, 1000 and 5000 μL L-1)
Summary
Plant diseases are caused by fungi, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses, among which fungi are the main pathogens, causing great yield losses in numerous important crops (Huang et al, 2010). Yanar et al (2011) studied the antifungal effect of essential oils from 27 plant extracts, and Sallam and Kamal (2012) studied six plants These authors emphasized the potentiality and importance of researching these compounds as an alternative for synthetic phytosanitary products, considering their economic and environmental viability. The present work aimed at advancing applied research by evaluating, through preventive applications, the effect of different doses of essential oils from 10 plant species on conidium germination and mycelial growth in vitro as well as their controlling action, in vivo, on the severity of early blight caused by A. solani in the leaves of S. lycopersicum Mill.
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