Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is the affectation of the visual function, secondary to a damage caused by a direct or indirect traumatic mechanism over the optic nerve. It occurs in approximately 0.5 to 5% of closed head injuries, and in 2.5% of patients with maxillofacial trauma and mid-face fractures. The types of TON are direct, anterior indirect, posterior indirect, and chiasmal. This work aims to offer an updating in traumatic optic neuropathy. We made a search in international data bases such as PubMed, ClinicalTrial, Ebsco, Hinari and so on, and found 32 articles which were used in this review article. We used the following keywords: traumatic optic neuropathy, optic nerve, trauma, visual loss, visual disease. 70% of the articles correspond to the last five years. This review was redacted using Microsoft Office Word 2016 in a laptop Asus with Window 10 system. We made a compilation with diverse therapeutic options based principally in axonal regeneration developed by researchers during the last decade. The present review article provides an updating regarding potential strategies for axonal regeneration and optic nerve repair, focusing on the researches of many investigators around the world. Nowadays, therapeutic options have advanced in many fields, but still more researches must be done to find a definitive solution for traumatic optic neuropathy in a near future. Key words: Traumatic optic neuropathy, optic nerve, trauma, visual loss, visual disease.  
Highlights
The visual diseases are a real health problem with high repercussion for individuals, the family and society
This entity is defined by the American Academy of Ophthalmology as the partial or totally affectation of the visual function, secondary to a damage caused by a direct or indirect traumatic mechanism over the optic nerve (American Academy of Ophthalmology, 20142015)
We found another article (Jiang et al, 2013) that certifies the use of umbilical cord blood stem cells for traumatic optic neuropathy; but, by the moment, the experimentation is just in animals
Summary
The visual diseases are a real health problem with high repercussion for individuals, the family and society. In the world there are approximately 285 million of people with visual disability; 39 million are blind and 246 million have low vision (WHO, 2014). Visual loss could be caused by different etiology. Visual loss could be due to the optic nerve damage or optic neuropathy (Fuentes et al, 2014), such as: ischemic, demyelinating, hereditary, tumoral, toxicnutritional, inflammatory, glaucoma, and traumatic. This research concentrates on traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). This entity is defined by the American Academy of Ophthalmology as the partial or totally affectation of the visual function, secondary to a damage caused by a direct or indirect traumatic mechanism over the optic nerve (American Academy of Ophthalmology, 20142015). We have the objective to offer an updating in traumatic optic neuropathy
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
