Abstract
The plant, jatropha has attracted worldwide attention for its high oil content. The use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate and quantify, for the first time, the phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate) and lower inositol phosphates (tri-, tetra- and penta-phosphates; IP6, IP5, IP4 and IP3) in toxic and non-toxic (NT) Jatropha curcas seeds from different locations in Mexico was proposed. There are reports on the total phytic acids but the method of precipitation used was not specific to distinguish between the phytic acid (IP6) and its hydrolysis products; therefore, this technique underestimates the IP6 content. It was observed that the total inositol concentration is independent on the presence or absence of phorbolesters (PE). The analysis showed that the toxic seeds from Villaflores and Chiapa de Corzo had high concentrations of total IP (46.2 and 42.5 mg/g, respectively) but the NT seeds from Huitzilan is the highest (56.88 mg/g) followed by Pueblillo (41.427 mg/g), Cuautla (37.832 mg/g) and Xochitlan (35.868 mg/g) showed higher values of IP. Finally, the toxic seeds from Coatzacoalcos (22.5 mg/g) showed lower value. This is the first work showing the different inositol phosphates present in jatropha seed samples, highlighting the presence of hexaphosphate acid as the major component. Key words: Phytic acid, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), anti-nutrients, phytates, IP5, IP6, hexaphosphate.
Highlights
The Jatropha curcas L. is a plant which belongs to the family, Euphorbiaceae; it is native to Mexico and CentralAmerica, and cultivated throughout Central America, Africa and Asia (Francis et al, 2005)
The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed using a Beckman System Gold equipped with a refractive index detector. 10 μL were injected into a Hamilton macro-porous polymer PRP-1 (150x4.1 mm, 5 μm) which was used at 45°C with a rate of 1.2 mL/min
There is scarce information on the phytates composition of J. curcas L. seeds from different provenances of Mexico
Summary
The Jatropha curcas L. is a plant which belongs to the family, Euphorbiaceae; it is native to Mexico and CentralAmerica, and cultivated throughout Central America, Africa and Asia (Francis et al, 2005). The Jatropha curcas L. is a plant which belongs to the family, Euphorbiaceae; it is native to Mexico and Central. Herrera et al 293 plant is extensively found in several states such as Hidalgo, Morelos, Puebla, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Michoacán, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, San Luis Potosí, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sonora, Yucatan and Quintana Roo (Martínez et al, 2010). The non-toxic varieties have been reported in the states of Veracruz, Puebla and Hidalgo mainly in the region called Totonacapan while toxic varieties exist in Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca and state south of Veracruz (Martínez et al, 2006, 2010). The seed has 25 to 30% of protein and 52 to 60% of oil (Martínez et al, 2006, 2010). The authors reported an excellent protein and lipids content, as well as the amino acid and fatty acid profiles in the seeds from Veracruz and Morelos. Phorbol esters were identified, which characterizes mainly the toxic variety; a high content of trypsin inhibitors, lectins and phytates were found
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