Abstract
Plant resists pathogen infection through physical and chemical defenses that may be application of some biotics and abiotics inducers. It has been found that pre treatment with bioagents Trichoderma harzianum,(Kan.), T. harzianum (Del.), T. harzianum (Pant), Trichoderma viride (Kan.), T. viride (Del.), T. viride (Pant),Aspergillus niger AN-27 (Kan.) Chaetosphaeridium globosum (Del.) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Del.) provided induced resistance in plant against F. o. f.sp. lycopersici resulting declined disease incidence from 100 to 7.69%. The maximum inhibition was noted by T. harzianum (Kan.) isolates. The induction of resistance was associated with certain biochemical changes in tomato leaves. Treatment with bio-agents as inducers prior to challenge inoculation sensitized the seedling to produce increased level of soluble proteins. The maximum increase in soluble protein content was found in (T1) T. harzianum (Kan.) treated plant showing 35.04 mg/g of fresh leaves against 20.49 mg/g of fresh leaves in case of control-II. A high content of phenols which are the indication of first stage of defense mechanism was also recorded in treated plant with maximum in T. harzianum (Kan.) treatment representing 2.62 g/mg of fresh leaves against 1.38 in control-I at 20 days of inoculation. The disease severity showed negative correlation with soluble protein (r=-0.6364) and total phenol (r=-0.7653). Protein profiling by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that the soil treated with T. harzianum (Kan.) to synthesize some new protein representing maximum number of 22 bands. The presence or absence of the bands in protein profiling might be responsible for resistance response against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in tomato. Key words: Biochemical change, biotic inducers, disease incidence, Fusarium wilt, protein profiling.
Highlights
Induced resistance as a technique of phyto-immunity has received great attention for management of plant diseases
The protection provided by biotic inducers indicated the resistance was expressed by decrease in the disease incidence
Several workers have been reported that application of biotics and abiotics inducers reduces disease incidence in tomato against Fusarium wilt (Arzoo et al, 2012; Kumar and Biswas, 2010)
Summary
Induced resistance as a technique of phyto-immunity has received great attention for management of plant diseases. Various types of biological agents, virulent or avirulent strains of pathogens, plant extracts, crude extracts and chemicals which are not considered as fungicides are used for induction of resistance in various crops (Metraux et al, 1991; Cohen, 1994; Van Loon et al, 1998; Attitalla et al, 1998; De Cal and Melgarejo, 2001). The pre-application of some biotic and abiotic inducers provided induced resistance in plants against many pathogens (Kuc, 1995; Biswas et al, 2003; Van Loon, 1983; Kessman et al, 1990). Bio-agents are using as an inducers in induced resistance for management of several diseases Aqueous extracts of barley leaves induced oversized papillae formation in barley which in turn produces resistance against powdery mildew (Yokoyama et al, 1991).
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